Uses of 2-(1h-indolylsulfanyl)-benzyl amine derivatives as ssris

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to uses of 2-(1H-indolylsulfanyl)-benzyl amine derivatives of general formula (I): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     in the treatment of affective disorders.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to compounds which are serotonin reuptake inhibitors and preferably also norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and the medical use of such compounds, e.g. in the treatment of depression and anxiety, affective disorders, pain disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and stress urinary incontinence.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The majority of currently available antidepressants can be classified in 3 classes:

-   -   1) monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs),     -   2) biogenic amine neurotransmitter [serotonin (5-HT),         norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA)] transporter reuptake         blockers, and     -   3) modulators, especially blockers of one or more of the 5-HT         and/or NE receptors.

Since depression is associated with a relative deficiency of the biogenic amines, the use of 5-HT and/or NE-receptor blockers (i.e. 5-HT and or NE-antagonist's) have not proven very successful in the treatment of depression and anxiety and the preferred and currently most efficient treatments are based on the enhancement of 5-HT and/or NE neurotransmission by blocking their reuptake back from the synaptic cleft (Slattery, D. A. et al., “The evolution of antidepressant mechanisms”, fundamental and Clinical pharmacology, 2004, 18, 1-21; Schloss, P. et al, “new insights into the mechanism of antidepressant therapy”, Pharmacology and therapeutics, 2004, 102, 47-60).

For years monoamine reuptake inhibition has been studied for treatment of depression, i.e. in particular the monoamines serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA).

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (hereinafter referred to as SSRIs) have become first choice therapeutics in the treatment of depression, certain forms of anxiety and social phobias, because they generally are effective, well tolerated, and have a favourable safety profile compared to the classic tricyclic antidepressants. Drugs claimed to be SSRIs are for example fluoxetine, sertraline and paroxetine.

However, clinical studies on depression indicate that non-response to the known SSRIs is substantial, up to 30%. Another, often neglected, factor in antidepressant treatment is compliance, which has a rather profound effect on the patient's motivation to continue pharmacotherapy. First of all, there is generally a delay in therapeutic effect of the SSRIs. Sometimes symptoms even worsen during the first weeks of treatment. Secondly, sexual dysfunction is generally a side effect common to SSRIs. Without addressing these problems, real progress in the pharmacotherapy of depression and anxiety disorders is not likely to happen. Accordingly, there is a need for the development of compounds capable of improving the treatment of depression and other serotonin related diseases.

A newer strategy has been the development of dual re-uptake inhibitors, e.g., the combined effect of serotonin reuptake inhibition and norepinephrine (norepinephrine is also named noradrenaline, NA) reuptake inhibition on depression is explored in clinical studies of compounds such as Duloxetine (Wong, “Duloxetine (LY-248686): an inhibitor of serotonin and noradrenaline uptake and an antidepressant drug candidate”, Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 1998, 7, 10, 1691-1699) and Venlafaxine (Khan-A et al, 30 “Venlafaxine in depressed outpatients”, Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 1991, 27, 141-144). Compounds having such duel effect are also named SNRIs, “serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors”, or NSRIs, “noradrenaline and serotonin reuptake inhibitors”.

Since treatment with the selective NE reuptake inhibitor reboxetine has been shown to stimulate 5-HT neurons and mediate the release of 5-HT in the brain (Svensson, T. et al, J. Neural. Transmission, 2004, 111, 127) there might be a synergistic advantage using SNRI's in the treatment of depression or anxiety.

The use of SNRI's have been shown in clinical studies to have a beneficial effect on pain (e.g. Fibromyalgia syndrome, overall pain, back pain, shoulder pain, headache, pain while awake and during daily activities) and especially pain associated with depression (Berk, M. Expert Rev. Neurotherapeutics 2003, 3, 47-451; Fishbain, D. A., et al. “Evidence-based data from animal and human experimental studies on pain relief with antidepressants: A structured review” Pain Medicine 2000 1:310-316).

SNRI's have also been shown in clinical studies to have a beneficial effect in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (N. M. Mukaddes; Venlafaxine in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, European Neuropsychopharmacology, Volume 12, Supplement 3, October 2002, Page 421).

Furthermore, SNRI's have been shown to be effective for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (Dmochowski R. R. et al. “Duloxetine versus placebo for the treatment of North American women with stress urinary incontinence”, Journal of Urology 2003, 170:4, 1259-1263.)

Furthermore, Axford L. et al. describe the development of triple 5-HT, NE and DA re-uptake inhibitors for treatment of depression. (2003, Bioorganic & Medical Chemistry Letters, 13, 3277-3280: “Bicyclo[2.2.1.]heptanes as novel triple re-uptake inhibitors for the treatment of depression”). Wellbutrin (bupropion) which has DA re-uptake activity in vitro and in vivo, show antidepressant efficacy. Other combination studies have indicated that addition of some affininity at the DA uptake site may have some clinical benefit (Nelson, J. C. J. Clin. Psychiatry 1998, 59, 65; Masand, P. S. et al. Depression Anxiety 1998, 7, 89; Bodkin, J. A et al. J. Clin. Psychiatry 1997, 58, 137).

The present invention provides 2-(1H-indolylsulfanyl)-benzyl amine derivatives, formula I, which are serotonin reuptake inhibitors. In particular, the invention provides compounds possessing the combined effect of serotonin reuptake inhibition and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition. Furthermore, some of the compounds are also triple 5-HT, NE and DA re-uptake inhibitors.

Diphenyl sulphides of formula (XVI) and variations thereof have been disclosed as serotonin re-uptake inhibitors and have been suggested for use in treatment of depression, cf. e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 5,095,039, U.S. Pat. No. 4,056,632, EP 396827 A1 and WO 9312080. EP 402097 describes halogen substituted diphenylsulfides claimed to be selective serotonin inhibitors for treatment of depression. Likewise WO 9717325 discloses derivatives of N,N-dimethyl-2-(arylthio)benzylamine claimed to be selective serotonin transport inhibitors and suggest their use as antidepressants. J. Jilek et al., 1989, Collect. Czeck Chem. Commun., 54, 3294-3338 also discloses various derivatives of diphenyl sulphides, “phenyl-thio-benzylamines” as antidepressants. Furthermore, diphenyl sulphides are also disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,803,143 and claimed useful as antidepressant.

Several publications relates to the use of derivatives of diphenyl sulphides as “radiopharmaceuticals” for imaging SERT by SPECT or PET imaging, e.g. “S. Oya et al. J. Med. Chem. 2002, 45, 4716-4723” and “S. Oya et al. J. Med. Chem. 42, 3, 333-335”. P. Emond et al (J. Med. Chem. (2002) 45, 1253-1258) and “S. Oya et al. (J. Med. Chem. 42, 3, 333-335) further test and discuss substituted “diphenyl sulfides” as selective serotonin transporter ligands relative to dopamine and norepinephrine transporters (DAT, NET) with measurements of vitro affinities at the dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine transporters.

WO 0066537 also discloses certain derivatives of diphenyl sulphides claimed to be have higher selectivity for SERT over NET and DAT.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,018,830 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,055,665 discloses “phenylthioaralkylamines” and “2-phenylthiobenzylamines” represented structurally as “Ar₁—S—Ar₂ in which Ar₁ is a phenylakyl amine substituent and Ar₂ is a substituted or unsubstituted homocyclic or heterocyclic ring of from 5-6 atoms, such as an aromatic ring, a heteroaromatic ring”. The compounds are claimed to be useful for preventing “cardiac arrhythmias”.

K. Sindelar et al., “Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, (1991), 56(2), 449-58, by K. Sindelar et al” disclose variations of compounds of formula (XVI) in which one of the rings is substituted with a thiophene ring with test for selectivity as 5-HT re-uptake inhibitor and NA re-uptake inhibitor, respectively, for use as antidepressants.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,596,741 B2 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,436,938 B1 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,410,736 B1 disclose biaryl ether derivates (XVII) reported to inhibit reuptake of monoamines, e.g. serotonin, dopamine and/or norepinephrine.

None of the above references disclose compounds comprising an indole group like the indolyl-sulfanyl benzyl amines of the present invention.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a compound having the general formula I

wherein the sulphur atom is attached to the indole via any ring carbon of the indole and wherein R¹-R¹³ are as defined below; as the free base or a salt thereof.

In a further aspect the invention provides a compound of the above formula I according to the above as the free base or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof for use as a medicament.

The invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to the above as the free base or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.

The invention further provides a method for the treatment of an affective disorder, such as depression, anxiety disorders including general anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, panic attacks, specific phobias, social phobia or agoraphobia in a living animal body, including a human, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to the above as the free base or a salt such as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The invention furthermore concerns the use of a compound according to the above in a method of treatment of pain disorders, ADHD and stress urinary incontinence.

The invention further provides the use of a compound according to the above as the free base or a salt such as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment an affective disorder, such as depression, anxiety disorders including general anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, panic attacks, specific phobias, social phobia or agoraphobia. The invention furthermore provides the use of a compound according to the above for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of pain disorders, ADHD and stress urinary incontinence.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Definitions

The term “halogen” means fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo. “Halo” means halogen.

The expression “C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl” means a C₁₋₆-alkyl, a C₂₋₆-alkenyl or a C₂₋₆-alkynyl group.

The term “C₁₋₆ alkyl” refers to a branched or unbranched alkyl group having from one to six carbon atoms inclusive, including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 2-propyl, 1-butyl, 2-butyl, 2-methyl-2-propyl and 2-methyl-1-propyl. Similarly, the term “C₁₋₄ alkyl” refers to a branched or unbranched alkyl group having from one to six carbon atoms inclusive, including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 2-propyl, 1-butyl, 2-butyl, 2-methyl-2-propyl and 2-methyl-1-propyl.

The term “C₂₋₆ alkenyl” designate such groups having from two to six carbon atoms, including one double bond, including but not limited to ethenyl, propenyl, and butenyl.

The term “C₂₋₆ alkynyl” designate such groups having from two to six carbon atoms, including one triple bond, including but not limited to ethynyl, propynyl and butynyl.

The expression “C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl” means a C₃₋₈-cycloalkyl or a C₃₋₈-cycloalkenyl group. The term “C₃₋₈-cycloalkyl” designates a monocyclic or bicyclic carbocycle having three to eight C-atoms, including but not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl. The term “C₃₋₈-cycloalkenyl” designates a monocyclic or bicyclic carbocycle having three to eight C-atoms and one double bond, including but not limited to cyclopropenyl, cyclopentenyl and cyclohexenyl.

In the expression “C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl”, the terms “C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl” and “C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl” are as defined above.

The term “C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yloxy” refers to groups of the formula C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl-O—, wherein C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl are as defined above.

The terms “C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl-carbonyl”, “C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl-aminocarbonyl” and “di-(C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl)aminocarbonyl” refers to groups of formula C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl-CO—, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl-NH—CO— and (C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl)₂-N—CO—, respectively, wherein C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl are as defined above.

In the expressions “C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl-amino”, “di-(C₁₋₆-alkyl)amino”, “C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylthio”, “halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl”, “halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl-sulfonyl”, “halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl-sulfanyl”, “C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylsulfonyl”, and “C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylsulfanyl” etc., the terms “C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl” and “halo” are as defined above.

The expression “R¹ and R² together with the nitrogen form a 4-7 membered ring containing zero or one double bond, optionally said ring in addition to said nitrogen comprises one further heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur” refers to a heterocylic rings system of a total of 4, 5, 6 or 7 members, such as, e.g. azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, homopiperazine or morpholine. This rings system may be unsubstituted or it may comprise one or more substituents, such as, e.g. a maximum of one or two substituents, e.g. selected from the group consisting halogen, hydroxy, C₁₋₆-alkyl, C₁₋₆-alkoxy, C₁₋₆-alkylthio, alkylsulphonyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethylsulfonyl, and C₁₋₆-alkylcarbonyl.

The atoms of the indole are numbered according to IUPAC Commission on Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry guidelines (Rigaudy, J.; Klesney, S. P. Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry Pergamon Press, (1979) ISBN 0080223699).

The term “treatment” as used herein in connection with a disease or disorders includes also prevention as the case may be.

COMPOUNDS OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a compound having the general formula I

wherein the sulphur atom is attached to the indole via any ring carbon of the indole and wherein

-   -   R¹-R² are independently selected from hydrogen,         C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl, and         C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl or R¹ and R² together with         the nitrogen form a 4-7 membered ring containing zero or one         double bond, optionally said ring in addition to said nitrogen         comprises one further heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen         and sulphur;     -   R³-R¹² are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano,         nitro, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl,         C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, amino,         C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylamino, di-(C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl)amino,         C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylcarbonyl, aminocarbonyl,         C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylaminocarbonyl,         di-(C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl)aminocarbonyl, hydroxy,         C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yloxy, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylthio,         halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylsulfonyl,         halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylsulfanyl and C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylsulfonyl;         and     -   R¹³ is selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl,         C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl and C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl;         as the free base or a salt thereof;         with the provisos that:     -   when the sulphur atom is attached via atom nr. 2 of the indole         then R⁷ does not exist;     -   when the sulphur atom is attached via atom nr. 3 of the indole         then R¹² does not exist;     -   when the sulphur atom is attached via atom nr. 4 of the indole         then R⁸ does not exist;     -   when the sulphur atom is attached via atom nr. 5 of the indole         then R⁹ does not exist;     -   when the sulphur atom is attached via atom nr. 6 of the indole         then R¹⁰ does not exist; and     -   when the sulphur atom is attached via atom nr. 7 of the indole         then R¹¹ does not exist.

To further illustrate the invention, without limitation, the following embodiments of R¹-R² are within the scope of the invention, in particular for the compounds of the invention as the free base and the salts thereof:

R¹-R² are independently selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl and C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl; R¹-R² are independently selected from hydrogen and C₁₋₆-alkyl; R¹-R² are independently selected from hydrogen and C₁₋₄-alkyl; R¹ is hydrogen and R² is methyl; R¹ and R² are methyl; R¹ and R² are hydrogen.

To further illustrate the invention, without limitation, the following embodiments of R¹-R² are within the scope of the invention, in particular for the compounds of the invention as the free base and the salts thereof:

R¹-R² are independently selected from hydrogen and C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl; or R¹ and R² together with the nitrogen form a 4-7 membered ring containing zero or one double bond, optionally the ring in addition to the nitrogen comprises one further heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur.

To further illustrate the invention, without limitation, the following embodiments of R¹-R² are also within the scope of the invention, in particular for the compounds of the invention as the free base and the salts thereof:

R¹ and R² together with the nitrogen form a 4-7, i.e. including 5 or 6, membered ring containing zero or one double bond, optionally said ring in addition to said nitrogen comprises one further heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur, which ring system is unsubstituted; R¹ and R² together with the nitrogen form a 4-7, including 5 or 6, membered ring containing zero or one double bond, optionally said ring in addition to said nitrogen comprises one further heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur, which ring system comprises one or more substituents, such as, e.g. a maximum of one or two substituents, e.g. selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, C₁₋₆-alkyl (e.g. methyl), halogen (e.g. fluoro or chloro), C₁₋₆-alkoxy (e.g. methoxy), C₁₋₆-alkylthio, alkylsulphonyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethylsulfonyl and C₁₋₆-alkylcarbonyl; R¹ and R² together with the nitrogen form a ring selected from the group consisting of azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, homopiperazine or morpholine, which ring may be unsubstituted or it may comprise one or more substituents, such as, e.g. a maximum of one or two substituents, e.g. selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, C₁₋₆-alkyl (e.g. methyl), halogen (e.g. fluoro or chloro), C₁₋₆-alkoxy (e.g. methoxy), C₁₋₆-alkylthio, alkylsulphonyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethylsulfonyl and C₁₋₆-alkylcarbonyl.

To further illustrate the invention, without limitation, the following embodiments of R³-R¹² are within the scope of the invention, in particular for the compounds as the free base or salt thereof:

R³-R¹² are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C₁₋₆-alkyl, C₃₋₈-cycloalkyl, C₃₋₈-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₆-alkyl, C₁₋₆-alkyloxy, C₁₋₆-alkylthio and trifluoromethyl; R³-R¹² are independently selected from hydrogen, chloro, fluoro, cyano, methyl, methoxy, methylthio and trifluoromethyl; R³-R¹² are hydrogen; R³-R¹² are independently selected from hydrogen and halogen; R³-R¹² are independently selected from hydrogen, chloro and fluoro; R³-R¹² are independently selected from hydrogen and chloro; R³-R¹² are independently selected from hydrogen and fluoro; at least one of R³-R¹² is fluoro or chloro; R³-R¹² are selected independently from hydrogen and cyano; R³-R¹² are selected independently from hydrogen and C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl; R³-R¹² are selected independently from hydrogen and C₁₋₆-alkyl, such as methyl; R³-R¹² are selected independently from hydrogen and C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yloxy, preferably C₁₋₆-alkoxy, such as methoxy; R³-R¹² are selected independently from hydrogen and C₁₋₆-alkylthio, such as methylthio; R³-R¹² are selected independently from hydrogen and trifluoromethyl.

Within the invention, are embodiments where:

a limited number of R³-R¹² are different from hydrogen, e.g. at least 3, or at least 5 or at least 6 of R³-R¹² are hydrogen; all of R³-R¹² are hydrogen; only 1, 2, 3 or 4 of R³-R¹² is different from hydrogen.

In one embodiment of the invention only 1, 2 or 3 of R³-R¹² are different from hydrogen, preferably selected independently from the group consisting of hydrogen, chloro, fluoro, cyano, methyl, methoxy, methylthio and trifluoromethyl.

To further illustrate the invention, without limitation, the following embodiments of R³-R¹² are within the scope of the invention, in particular for the compounds as the free base or salt thereof:

R³-R¹² are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl, C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yloxy and halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl; R³-R¹² are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yloxy and halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl; one of R³-R¹² is halogen such as chloro or bromo or iodo or fluoro; one of R³-R¹² is cyano; one of R³-R¹² is C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, such as C₁₋₆-alkyl, e.g. methyl or ethyl; one of R³-R¹² is hydroxy; one of R³-R¹² is C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yloxy, such as C₁₋₆-alkyloxy, e.g. methoxy; one of R³-R¹² is halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl such as halo-C₁₋₆-alkyl, e.g. trifluoro-methyl.

Within the invention, are embodiments where:

one of R³-R¹² is different from hydrogen; two of R³-R¹² are different from hydrogen; three of R³-R¹² are different from hydrogen; four of R³-R¹² are different from hydrogen.

To further illustrate the invention, without limitation, the following embodiments of R³-R⁶ are within the scope of the invention, in particular for the compounds as the free base or salt thereof:

R³-R⁶ are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl, C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, amino, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylamino, di-(C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl)amino, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylcarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylaminocarbonyl, di-(C₁₋₆-alk(en)yl)aminocarbonyl, hydroxy, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yloxy, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylthio, halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylsulfonyl, halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylsulfanyl and C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylsulfonyl; R³-R⁶ are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C₁₋₆-alkyl, C₃₋₈-cycloalkyl, C₃₋₈-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₆-alkyl, amino, C₁₋₆-alkylamino, di-(C₁₋₆-alkyl)amino, C₁₋₆-alkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, C₁₋₆-alkylaminocarbonyl, di-(C₁₋₆-alkylamino)carbonyl, hydroxy, C₁₋₆-alkoxy, C₁₋₆-alkylthio, halo-C₁₋₆-alkyl, halo-C₁₋₆-alkylsulfonyl, halo-C₁₋₆-alkylsulfanyl and C₁₋₆-alkylsulfonyl; R³-R⁶ are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, C₁₋₆-alkyloxy and C₁₋₆-alkyl; R³-R⁶ are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, methoxy and methyl; R³-R⁶ are independently selected from hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, methoxy and methyl.

Within the invention, are embodiments where a limited number of R³-R⁶ are different from hydrogen, e.g.:

only one or two of R³-R⁶ is different from hydrogen; three of R³-R⁶ are hydrogen and one of R³-R⁶ is halogen; three of R³-R⁶ are hydrogen and one of R³-R⁶ is methyl; R⁴ is different from hydrogen; R⁵ is different from hydrogen; R⁴ is different from hydrogen, e.g. chloro, fluoro, methyl or methoxy, and the rest of R³-R⁶ is hydrogen; R⁵ is different from hydrogen, e.g. chloro, fluoro, methyl or methoxy, and the rest of R³-R⁶ is hydrogen; only one of R³-R⁶ is different from hydrogen and is selected from the group consisting of fluoro, chloro, methyl and methoxy; R³-R⁶ are hydrogen.

To further illustrate the invention, without limitation, the following embodiments of R³-R⁶ are within the scope of the invention, in particular for the compounds as the free base or salt thereof:

R³-R⁶ are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl and C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl; R³-R⁶ are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen and C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl; R³ is hydrogen; R⁴ is selected from hydrogen, halogen and C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl; R⁴ is hydrogen; R⁴ is halogen such as chloro or fluoro; R⁴ is C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl such as C₁₋₆-alkyl e.g. methyl; R⁵ is selected from hydrogen and halogen; R⁵ is hydrogen; R⁵ is halogen such as chloro; R⁶ is hydrogen.

To further illustrate the invention, without limitation, the following embodiments of R⁷-R¹² are within the scope of the invention, in particular for the compounds as the free base or salt thereof:

R⁷-R¹² are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl, C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, amino, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylamino, di-(C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl)amino, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylcarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylaminocarbonyl, di-(C₁₋₆-alk(en)yl)aminocarbonyl, hydroxy, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yloxy, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylthio, halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylsulfonyl, halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylsulfanyl and C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylsulfonyl.

Within the invention, are embodiments where a limited number of R⁷-R¹² are different from hydrogen, e.g.:

only one or two of R⁷-R¹² is different from hydrogen; only one of R⁷-R¹² is different from hydrogen and the substituent is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, fluoro, chloro or methoxy; only two of R⁷-R¹² is different from hydrogen and the substituents are selected independently from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, fluoro, chloro or methoxy.

To further illustrate the invention, without limitation, the following embodiments of R⁷-R¹² are within the scope of the invention, in particular for the compounds as the free base or salt thereof:

R⁷-R¹² are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl, C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yloxy and halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl; R⁷-R¹² are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yloxy and halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl; R⁷ is selected from hydrogen and C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl; R⁷ is C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl such as C₁₋₆-alkyl; R⁸ is selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C₁₋₁₆-alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy and C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yloxy; R⁸ is hydrogen; R⁸ is halogen such as fluoro, chloro or bromo; R⁸ is cyano; R⁸ is C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl such as C₁₋₆-alkyl e.g. methyl; R⁸ is hydroxy; R⁸ is C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yloxy such as C₁₋₆-alkyloxy e.g. methoxy; R⁹ is selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy and C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yloxy; R⁹ is hydrogen; R⁹ is halogen such as fluoro, chloro, iodo or bromo; R⁹ is cyano; R⁹ is C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl such as C₁₋₆-alkyl e.g. methyl; R⁹ is hydroxy; R⁹ is C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yloxy such as C₁₋₆-alkyloxy e.g. methoxy; R¹⁰ is selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yloxy and halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl; R¹⁰ is hydrogen; R¹⁰ is halogen such as fluoro, chloro or bromo; R¹⁰ is cyano; R¹⁰ is C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl such as C₁₋₆-alkyl e.g. methyl; R¹⁰ is hydroxy; R¹⁰ is C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yloxy such as C₁₋₆-alkyloxy e.g. methoxy; R¹⁰ is halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl such as halo-C₁₋₆-alkyl e.g. trifluoro-methyl; R¹¹ is selected from hydrogen, halogen, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl and C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yloxy; R¹¹ is hydrogen; R¹¹ is halogen such as fluoro or chloro; R¹¹ is C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl such as C₁₋₆-alkyl e.g. methyl or ethyl; R¹¹ is C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yloxy such as C₁₋₆-alkyloxy e.g. methoxy; R¹² is selected from hydrogen and C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl; R¹² is hydrogen; R¹² is C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl such as C₁₋₆-alkyl e.g. methyl.

To further illustrate the invention, without limitation, the following embodiments of R⁷ are within the scope of the invention, in particular for the compounds as the free base or salt thereof:

R⁷ is hydrogen; R⁷ is methyl.

To further illustrate the invention, without limitation, the following embodiments of R¹³ is within the scope of the invention, in particular for the compounds as the free base or salt thereof:

R¹³ is selected from hydrogen and C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl; R¹³ is hydrogen; R¹³ is C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl such as C₁₋₆-alkyl e.g. methyl.

The above embodiments relates to the compounds of the invention having formula I

In particular, the present invention relates to a compound having the general formula I wherein the sulphur atom is attached to the indole as indicated in below formulas IA to IF:

and wherein R¹-R¹³ are as defined herein, in particular wherein

-   -   R¹-R² are independently selected from hydrogen,         C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl (e.g. methyl), C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl,         C₃₋₈-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₆-alkyl, or     -   R¹ and R² together with the nitrogen form a 4-7 membered ring         containing zero or one double bond, optionally the ring in         addition to the nitrogen comprises one further heteroatom         selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur;     -   R³-R¹² are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen (e.g.         fluoro or chloro), cyano, nitro, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl (e.g.         C₁₋₆-alkyl, such as methyl), C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl (e.g.         C₃₋₈-cycloalkyl), C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl (e.g.         C₃₋₈-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₆-alkyl), amino, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylamino (e.g.         C₁₋₆-alkylamino), di-(C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl)amino (e.g.         di-(C₁₋₆-alkyl)amino), C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylcarbonyl (e.g.         C₁₋₆-alkylcarbonyl), aminocarbonyl,         C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylaminocarbonyl (e.g. C₁₋₆-alkylaminocarbonyl),         di-(C₁₋₆-alk(en)yl)aminocarbonyl (e.g.         di-(C₁₋₆-alkyl)aminocarbonyl)), hydroxy, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yloxy         (e.g. C₁₋₆-alkoxy; such as methoxy), C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylthio (e.g.         C₁₋₆-alkylthio, such as methylthio), halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl         (e.g., halo-C₁₋₆-alkyl, such as trifluoromethyl),         halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylsulfonyl (e.g. trifluoromethylsulfonyl),         halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylsulfanyl (e.g. trifluoromethylsulfanyl),         and C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylsulfonyl (e.g. C₁₋₆-alkylsulfonyl);     -   R¹³ is selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl (e.g.         C₁₋₆-alkyl, such as methyl), C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl (e.g.         C₃₋₈-cycloalkyl), and C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl         (e.g. C₃₋₈-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₆-alkyl);         as the free base or a salt thereof.

A preferred embodiment relates to the compounds of the invention having formula IA. Any of the above embodiments are also embodiments of formula IA with the proviso that R¹² does not exist in compounds of general formula IA.

Another embodiment relates to the compounds of the invention which are not of formula IA.

A further embodiment relates to the compounds of the invention having formula IB. Any of the above embodiments are also embodiments of formula IB with the proviso that R⁷ does not exist in compounds of general formula IB.

Another embodiment relates to the compounds of the invention which are not of formula IB.

A further embodiment relates to the compounds of the invention having formula IC. Any of the above embodiments are also embodiments of formula IC with the proviso that R⁸ does not exist in compounds of general formula IC.

Another embodiment relates to the compounds of the invention which are not of formula IC.

A further embodiment relates to the compounds of the invention having formula ID. Any of the above embodiments are also embodiments of formula ID with the proviso that R⁹ does not exist in compounds of general formula ID.

Another embodiment relates to the compounds of the invention which are not of formula ID.

A further embodiment relates to the compounds of the invention having formula IE. Any of the above embodiments are also embodiments of formula IE with the proviso that R¹⁰ does not exist in compounds of general formula IE.

Another embodiment relates to the compounds of the invention which are not of formula IE.

A further embodiment relates to the compounds of the invention having formula IF. Any of the above embodiments are also embodiments of formula IF with the proviso that R¹¹ does not exist in compounds of general formula IF.

Another embodiment relates to the compounds of the invention which are not of formula IF.

To further illustrate the invention, without limitation, the following embodiments of formula IA are within the scope of the invention, in particular for the compounds as the free base or salt thereof: R⁸-R¹¹ are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C₁₋₆-alkyl, C₃₋₈-cycloalkyl, C₃₋₈-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₆-alkyl, amino, C₁₋₆-alkylamino, di-(C₁₋₆-alkyl)amino, C₁₋₆-alkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, C₁₋₆-alkylaminocarbonyl, di-(C₁₋₆-alkylamino)carbonyl, hydroxy, C₁₋₆-alkoxy, C₁₋₆-alkylthio, halo-C₁₋₆-alkyl, halo-C₁₋₆-alkylsulfonyl, halo-C₁₋₆-alkylsulfanyl, and C₁₋₆-alkylsulfonyl;

R⁸-R¹¹ are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, methyl, hydroxy, methoxy and trifluoromethyl; R⁸-R¹¹ are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, methyl and methoxy; R⁸-R¹¹ are independently selected from hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, methyl and methoxy.

Within the invention, are embodiments where a limited number of R⁸-R¹¹ are different from hydrogen, e.g.:

only one of R⁸-R¹¹ is different from hydrogen and preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, methyl and methoxy, while rest of R⁸-R¹¹ are hydrogen; two of R⁸⁻¹¹ are different from hydrogen and preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, methyl and methoxy while and two of R⁸⁻¹¹ are hydrogen.

To further illustrate the invention, without limitation, the following embodiments of formula IA are within the scope of the invention, in particular for the compounds as the free base or salt thereof:

R⁸ is selected from the group consisting of halogen (preferably fluoro or chloro), methyl and methoxy and R⁷ and R⁹⁻¹¹ are hydrogen; R⁹ is selected from the group consisting of halogen (preferably fluoro or chloro), methyl and methoxy and R⁷, R⁸ and R¹⁰⁻¹¹ are hydrogen.

To further illustrate the invention, without limitation, the following embodiments of formula IA are within the scope of the invention, in particular for the compounds as the free base or salt thereof: only one of R⁸⁻¹¹ is different from hydrogen and is selected from the group consisting of halogen (e.g. fluoro or chloro), methyl, methoxy, hydroxy and cyano.

To further illustrate the invention, without limitation, the following embodiments of formula IA are within the scope of the invention, in particular for the compounds as the free base or salt thereof:

R⁸ is hydroxy; R⁸ is methoxy; R⁸ is methyl; R⁸ is cyano; R⁸ is chloro; R⁸ is fluoro; in a preferred embodiment, the rest of R⁸ to R¹¹ are hydrogen.

To further illustrate the invention, without limitation, the following embodiments of formula IA are within the scope of the invention, in particular for the compounds as the free base or salt thereof:

R⁹ is fluoro; R⁹ is chloro; R⁹ is bromo; R⁹ is iodo; R⁹ is methoxy; R⁹ is methyl; R⁹ is hydroxy; in a preferred embodiment, the rest of R⁸ to R¹¹ are hydrogen.

To further illustrate the invention, without limitation, the following embodiments of formula IA are within the scope of the invention, in particular for the compounds as the free base or salt thereof:

R¹⁰ is fluoro; R¹⁰ is chloro; R¹⁰ is bromo; R¹⁰ is methyl; R¹⁰ is cyano; R¹⁰ is CF₃; R¹⁰ is methoxy; in a preferred embodiment, the rest of R⁸ to R¹¹ are hydrogen.

To further illustrate the invention, without limitation, the following embodiments of formula IA are within the scope of the invention, in particular for the compounds as the free base or salt thereof:

R¹¹ is methyl; R¹¹ is ethyl; R¹¹ is methoxy; R¹¹ is chloro; R¹¹ is fluoro; in a preferred embodiment, the rest of R⁸ to R¹¹ are hydrogen.

To further illustrate the invention, without limitation, the following embodiments of formula IA are within the scope of the invention, in particular for the compounds as the free base or salt thereof: R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are selected independently from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, fluoro and chloride.

To further illustrate the invention, without limitation, the following embodiments of R¹³ are within the scope of the invention, in particular for the compounds as the free base or salt thereof:

R¹³ is hydrogen; R¹³ is C₁₋₆-alkyl; R¹³ is C₁₋₄-alkyl; R¹³ is methyl.

One embodiment, relates to compounds of formula IA, wherein R¹³ is hydrogen or a C₁₋₆-alkyl, e.g. a C₁₋₄-alkyl, such as methyl and where R¹-R¹¹ are as defined herein.

To further illustrate the invention, without limitation, the following embodiment are within the scope of the invention, in particular for the compounds as the free base or salt thereof: the compound has the formula IA where R¹ is hydrogen, R² is hydrogen or C₁₋₆-alkyl, preferably C₁₋₄-alkyl, such as methyl, R³-R⁶ are independently selected from hydrogen, methyl and halogen, e.g. chloro or fluoro, R⁷ is hydrogen or methyl, R⁸⁻¹¹ are independently selected from hydrogen, methyl, methoxy and halogen, e.g. chloro or fluoro, and R¹³ is hydrogen, and where at most one or two of R⁸-R¹¹ are different from hydrogen and at most one or two of R³-R⁶ are different from hydrogen.

In a further embodiment, the compound according to the invention is selected from the following list:

Compound no. Compound name 1 [2-(1H-Indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl] dimethyl amine 2 [2-(5-cyano-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl] dimethyl amine 3 [2-(4-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl] dimethyl amine 4 [2-(4-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl] dimethyl amine 5 [2-(5-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl] dimethyl amine 6 [2-(5-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl] dimethyl amine 7 Dimethyl-[2-(7-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]-amine 8 [2-(7-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl] dimethyl amine 9 [2-(5-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl] dimethyl amine 10 [2-(6-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl] dimethyl amine 11 [2-(6-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl] dimethyl amine 12 Dimethyl-[2-(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]-amine 13 Dimethyl-[2-(6-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]-amine 14 [2-(4-cyano-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl] dimethyl amine 15 Dimethyl-[2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl] amine 16 Dimethyl-[2-(4-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl] amine 17 [2-(4-Hydroxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine 18 [2-(6-cyano-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl] dimethyl amine 19 [2-(7-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl] dimethyl amine 20 [2-(6-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl] dimethyl amine 21 [2-(4-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl] dimethyl amine 22 [2-(1H-Indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine 23 [2-(6-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine 24 [2-(5-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine 25 Methyl-[2-(4-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl] amine 26 [2-(4-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine 27 Methyl-[2-(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl] amine 28 [2-(5-Fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine 29 Methyl-[2-(5-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl] amine 30 Methyl-[2-(7-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl] amine 31 [2-(4-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine 32 [2-(7-Ethyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine 33 [2-(6-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine 34 [2-(5-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine 35 [2-(6-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine 36 [2-(5-Methoxy-4-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine 37 [2-(5,6-Dimethoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine 38 [2-(6-Bromo-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine 39 Methyl-[2-(6-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl] amine 40 [2-(4,7-Dimethoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine 41 [2-(5-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine 42 [2-(4-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine 43 [2-(5-Bromo-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine 44 [2-(7-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine 45 [5-Chloro-2-(1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine 46 Methyl-[2-(6-trifluoromethyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl] amine 47 [2-(5-Hydroxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine 48 [2-(4-Bromo-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine 49 [2-(7-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine 50 [2-(5-Iodo-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine 51 [2-(6-Cyano-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine 52 [2-(1H-Indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]methyl amine 53 Methyl-[2-(3-methyl-1H-indol-2-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl] amine 54 [2-(5,6-Dimethoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-fluoro-benzyl]-methyl-amine 55 [5-Fluoro-2-(3-methyl-1H-indol-2-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 56 [5-Fluoro-2-(4-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 57 [2-(4-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-fluoro-benzyl]-methyl-amine 58 [2-(7-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-fluoro-benzyl]-methyl-amine 59 [5-Fluoro-2-(6-trifluoromethyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 60 [5-Fluoro-2-(7-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 61 [2-(4-Bromo-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-fluoro-benzyl]-methyl-amine 62 3-(4-Fluoro-2-methylaminomethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-2-methyl-1H-indol-4-ol 63 3-(4-Fluoro-2-methylaminomethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-1H-indol-6-ol 64 [5-Fluoro-2-(5-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 65 [5-Fluoro-2-(4-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 66 [2-(6-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-fluoro-benzyl]-methyl-amine 67 [2-(5-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-fluoro-benzyl]-methyl-amine 68 [5-Fluoro-2-(6-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 69 [5-Fluoro-2-(5-methoxy-4-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 70 [2-(5-Bromo-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-fluoro-benzyl]-methyl-amine 71 [5-Fluoro-2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 72 [2-(6-Bromo-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-fluoro-benzyl]-methyl-amine 73 [5-Fluoro-2-(6-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 74 [5-Fluoro-2-(6-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 75 [5-Fluoro-2-(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 76 [5-Fluoro-2-(5-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 77 [5-Fluoro-2-(4-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 78 [5-Fluoro-2-(7-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 79 [5-Fluoro-2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 80 [5-Fluoro-2-(5-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 81 [5-Chloro-2-(5-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 82 [5-Chloro-2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 83 [5-Chloro-2-(7-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 84 [5-Chloro-2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 85 [5-Chloro-2-(4-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 86 [5-Chloro-2-(7-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 87 [5-Chloro-2-(6-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 88 [5-Chloro-2-(5-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 89 [2-(5-Fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methyl-amine 90 Methyl-[5-methyl-2-(4-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-amine 91 [2-(7-Ethyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methyl-amine 92 [2-(6-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methyl-amine 93 Methyl-[5-methyl-2-(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-amine 94 [2-(4-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methy-amine 95 [2-(6-Bromo-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methyl-amine 96 [2-(6-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methyl-amine 97 [2-(4-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methyl-amine 98 3-(4-Methyl-2-methylaminomethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-1H-indol-6-ol 99 [5-Chloro-2-(5-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 100 [2-(6-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methyl-amine 101 [2-(5-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methyl-amine 102 5-Fluoro-3-(2-piperidin-1-ylmethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-1H-indole 103 5-Fluoro-3-(2-morpholin-4-ylmethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-1H-indole 104 5-Fluoro-3-(2-pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-1H-indole 105 [4-Chloro-2-(6-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 106 [4-Chloro-2-(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 107 [4-Chloro-2-(5-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 108 [4-Chloro-2-(7-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 109 [4-Chloro-2-(4-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 110 [4-Chloro-2-(5-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 111 [4-Chloro-2-(6-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 112 [4-Chloro-2-(4-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 113 [4-Chloro-2-(7-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 114 [4-Chloro-2-(7-ethyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 115 [4-Chloro-2-(5-methoxy-4-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 116 [4-Chloro-2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 117 [4-Chloro-2-(6-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 118 [4-Chloro-2-(7-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 119 [4-Chloro-2-(4-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 120 [4-Chloro-2-(5-chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 121 [4-Chloro-2-(6-chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 122 [4-Chloro-2-(4-chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 123 [4-Chloro-2-(7-chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 124 [4-Chloro-2-(1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 125 [4-Chloro-2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 126 [4-Chloro-2-(3-methyl-1H-indol-2-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 127 [4-Chloro-2-(5-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 128 2-(5-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzylamine 129 [2-(5-Fluoro-4-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 130 [2-(4,5-Difluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 131 [2-(4,6-Difluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 132 3-(2-Methylaminomethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-1H-indol-4-ol 133 2-(6-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzylamine 134 [2-(5,6-Difluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 135 6-Fluoro-3-(2-methylaminomethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-1H-indol-5-ol 136 [2-(4-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methyl-amine 137 [2-(1H-Indol-5-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 138 [2-(1H-Indol-4-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 139 [2-(1H-Indol-6-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine 140 [2-(1H-Indol-7-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine as the free base or a salt thereof, such as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.

An non limiting aspect of the invention concerns such compounds according to the below embodiments 1-87:

-   -   1. A compound represented by the general formulas IA to IF:

-   -   Wherein         -   R¹-R² are independently selected from hydrogen,             C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl, and             C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl; or R¹ and R² together             with the nitrogen form a 4-7 membered ring containing zero             or one double bond, optionally said ring in addition to said             nitrogen comprises one further heteroatom selected from             nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur;         -   R³-R¹² are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen,             cyano, nitro, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl,             C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, amino,             C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylamino, di-(C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl)amino,             C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylcarbonyl, aminocarbonyl,             C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylaminocarbonyl,             di-(C₁₋₆-alk(en)yl)aminocarbonyl, hydroxy,             C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yloxy, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylthio,             halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylsulfonyl,             halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylsulfanyl, and             C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylsulfonyl; and         -   R¹³ is selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl,             C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl, and             C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl;     -   or a salt thereof.     -   2. The compound of embodiment 1, wherein R¹-R² are independently         selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl,         and C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl; or a salt thereof.     -   3. The compound of embodiment 1, wherein R¹-R² are independently         selected from hydrogen and C₁₋₆-alkyl; or a salt thereof.     -   4. The compound of embodiment 1, wherein R¹ is hydrogen and R²         is methyl; or a salt thereof.     -   5. The compound of embodiment 1, wherein R¹ and R² are methyl;         or a salt thereof.     -   6. The compound of embodiment 1, wherein R¹ and R² are hydrogen;         or a salt thereof.     -   7. The compound of embodiment 1, wherein R¹ and R² together with         the nitrogen form a 4-7 membered ring containing zero or one         double bond, optionally said ring in addition to said nitrogen         comprises one further heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen         and sulphur; or a salt thereof.     -   8. The compound of embodiment 1, wherein R¹ and R² together with         the nitrogen form a ring selected from the group consisting of         azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, homopiperazine         or morpholine; or a salt thereof.     -   9. The compound of any of embodiments 1-8, wherein R³-R¹² are         independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano,         C₁₋₆-alkyl, C₃₋₈-cycloalkyl, C₃₋₈-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₆-alkyl, amino,         C₁₋₆-alkylamino, di-(C₁₋₆-alkyl)amino, C₁₋₆-alkylcarbonyl,         aminocarbonyl, C₁₋₆-alkylaminocarbonyl,         di-(C₁₋₆-alkylamino)carbonyl, hydroxy, C₁₋₆-alkoxy,         C₁₋₆-alkylthio, halo-C₁₋₆-alkyl, halo-C₁₋₆-alkylsulfonyl,         halo-C₁₋₆-alkylsulfanyl, and C₁₋₆-alkylsulfonyl; or a salt         thereof.     -   10. The compound of any of embodiments 1-8, wherein R³-R⁶ are         independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro,         C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl,         C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, amino,         C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylamino, di-(C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl)amino,         C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylcarbonyl, aminocarbonyl,         C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylaminocarbonyl,         di-(C₁₋₆-alk(en)yl)aminocarbonyl, hydroxy, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yloxy,         C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylthio, halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl,         halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylsulfonyl, halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylsulfanyl,         and C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylsulfonyl; or a salt thereof.     -   11. The compound of any of embodiments 1-8, wherein R³-R⁶ are         independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano,         C₁₋₆-alkyl, C₃₋₈-cycloalkyl, C₃₋₈-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₆-alkyl, amino,         C₁₋₆-alkylamino, di-(C₁₋₆-alkyl)amino, C₁₋₆-alkylcarbonyl,         aminocarbonyl, C₁₋₆-alkylaminocarbonyl,         di-(C₁₋₆-alkylamino)carbonyl, hydroxy, C₁₋₆-alkoxy,         C₁₋₆-alkylthio, halo-C₁₋₆-alkyl, halo-C₁₋₆-alkylsulfonyl,         halo-C₁₋₆-alkylsulfanyl, and C₁₋₆-alkylsulfonyl; or a salt         thereof.     -   12. The compound of any of embodiments 1-8, wherein R³-R⁶ are         independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, C₁₋₆-alkyloxy and         C₁₋₆-alkyl; or a salt thereof.     -   13. The compound of any of embodiments 1-8, wherein R³-R⁶ are         independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, methoxy and         methyl; or a salt thereof.     -   14. The compound of any of embodiments 1-13, wherein only one or         two of R³-R⁶ is different from hydrogen.     -   15. The compound of any of embodiments 1-13, wherein only one of         R³-R⁶ is different from hydrogen; or a salt thereof.     -   16. The compound of any of embodiments 1-9, wherein three of         R³-R⁶ are hydrogen and one of R³-R⁶ is halogen; or a salt         thereof.     -   17. The compound of any of embodiments 1-9, wherein three of         R³-R⁶ are hydrogen and one of R³-R⁶ is methyl; or a salt         thereof.     -   18. The compound of any of embodiments 15-17, wherein R⁴ is         different from hydrogen; or a salt thereof.     -   19. The compound of any of embodiments 15-17, wherein R⁵ is         different from hydrogen; or a salt thereof.     -   20. The compound of any of embodiments 1-9, wherein R³-R⁶ are         hydrogen; or a salt thereof.     -   21. The compound of any of embodiments 1-20, wherein R¹³ is         hydrogen; or a salt thereof.     -   22. The compound of any of embodiments 1-20, wherein R¹³ is         C₁₋₆-alkyl; or a salt thereof     -   23. The compound of any of embodiments 1-20, wherein R¹³ is         methyl; or a salt thereof.     -   24. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23, wherein the         compound has the formula IA; or a salt thereof.     -   25. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23, wherein the         compound has the formula IB; or a salt thereof.     -   26. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23, wherein the         compound has the formula IC; or a salt thereof.     -   27. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23, wherein the         compound has the formula ID; or a salt thereof.     -   28. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23, wherein the         compound has the formula IE; or a salt thereof.     -   29. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23, wherein the         compound has the formula IF, or a salt thereof.     -   30. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23, wherein the         compound has the formula IA and R⁷ is selected from the group         consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro,         C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl,         C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, amino,         C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylamino, di-(C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl)amino,         C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylcarbonyl, aminocarbonyl,         C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylaminocarbonyl,         di-(C₁₋₆-alk(en)yl)aminocarbonyl, hydroxy, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yloxy,         C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylthio, halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl,         halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylsulfonyl, halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylsulfanyl,         and C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylsulfonyl; or a salt thereof.     -   31. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23, wherein the         compound has the formula IA and R⁷ is selected from the group         consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C₁₋₆-alkyl,         C₃₋₈-cycloalkyl, C₃₋₈-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₆-alkyl, amino,         C₁₋₆-alkylamino, di-(C₁₋₆-alkyl)amino, C₁₋₆-alkylcarbonyl,         aminocarbonyl, C₁₋₆-alkylaminocarbonyl,         di-(C₁₋₆-alkylamino)carbonyl, hydroxy, C₁₋₆-alkoxy,         C₁₋₆-alkylthio, halo-C₁₋₆-alkyl, halo-C₁₋₆-alkylsulfonyl,         halo-C₆-alkylsulfanyl, and C₁₋₆-alkylsulfonyl; or a salt         thereof.     -   32. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23, wherein the         compound has the formula IA and R⁷ is hydrogen; or a salt         thereof.     -   33. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23, wherein the         compound has the formula IA and R⁷ is methyl; or a salt thereof.     -   34. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23 or any of         embodiments 30-33, wherein the compound has the formula IA and         R⁸-R¹¹ are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano,         nitro, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl,         C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, amino,         C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylamino, di-(C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl)amino,         C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylcarbonyl, aminocarbonyl,         C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylaminocarbonyl,         di-(C₁₋₆-alk(en)yl)aminocarbonyl, hydroxy, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yloxy,         C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylthio, halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl,         halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylsulfonyl, halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylsulfanyl,         and C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylsulfonyl; or a salt thereof.     -   35. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23 or any of         embodiments 30-33, wherein the compound has the formula IA and         R⁸-R¹¹ are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano,         C₁₋₆-alkyl, C₃₋₈-cycloalkyl, C₃₋₈-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₆-alkyl, amino,         C₁₋₆-alkylamino, di-(C₁₋₆-alkyl)amino, C₁₋₆-alkylcarbonyl,         aminocarbonyl, C₁₋₆-alkylaminocarbonyl,         di-(C₁₋₆-alkylamino)carbonyl, hydroxy, C₁₋₆-alkoxy,         C₁₋₆-alkylthio, halo-C₁₋₆-alkyl, halo-C₁₋₆-alkylsulfonyl,         halo-C₁₋₆-alkylsulfanyl, and C₁₋₆-alkylsulfonyl; or a salt         thereof.     -   36. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23 or any of         embodiments 30-33, wherein the compound has the formula IA and         R⁸-R¹¹ are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano,         methyl, hydroxy, methoxy and trifluoromethyl; or a salt thereof.     -   37. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23 or any of         embodiments 30-33, wherein the compound has the formula IA and         R⁸-R¹¹ are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, methyl         and methoxy; or a salt thereof.     -   38. The compound of any of embodiments 34-36, wherein only one         of R⁸-R¹¹ is different from hydrogen while rest of R⁸-R¹¹ are         hydrogen; or a salt thereof.     -   39. The compound of any of embodiments 34-36, wherein the         compound has the formula IA and two of R⁸⁻¹¹ are different from         hydrogen and two of R⁸⁻¹¹ are hydrogen; or a salt thereof.     -   40. The compound of any one of embodiments 1-23 or 30-37,         wherein the compound has the formula IA and R⁸ is selected from         the group consisting of halogen, methyl, and methoxy; or a salt         thereof.     -   41. The compound of embodiments 40, wherein R⁹⁻¹¹ are hydrogen;         or a salt thereof.     -   42. The compound of embodiments 41, wherein R⁷ is hydrogen; or a         salt thereof.     -   43. The compound of any one of embodiments 1-23 or 30-37,         wherein the compound has the formula IA and R⁹ is selected from         the group consisting of halogen, methyl, and methoxy; or a salt         thereof.     -   44. The compound of embodiments 43, wherein R⁸ and R¹⁰⁻¹¹ are         hydrogen; or a salt thereof.     -   45. The compound of embodiments 44, wherein R⁷ is hydrogen; or a         salt thereof.     -   46. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23 or 30-33, wherein         the compound has the formula IA and wherein R⁸⁻¹¹ are hydrogen;         or a salt thereof.     -   47. The compound of embodiments 38 or 39, wherein substituent(s)         of R⁸⁻¹¹ being different from hydrogen is/are selected from the         group consisting of halogen, methyl, methoxy, hydroxy, cyano; or         a salt thereof.     -   48. The compound of embodiment 1, wherein the compound has the         formula IA, and         -   R¹ is hydrogen and R² is hydrogen or a C₁₋₆-alkyl;         -   R³-R⁶ are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen and             methyl, wherein at most one or two of R³-R⁶ are different             from hydrogen;         -   R⁷ is hydrogen or methyl         -   R⁸⁻¹¹ are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen,             methyl, and methoxy wherein at most one or two of R⁸-R¹¹ are             different from hydrogen;         -   R¹³ is hydrogen.     -   or a salt thereof.     -   49. The compound of embodiment 1 wherein the compound has the         formula IA,         -   R¹ is hydrogen and R² is methyl;         -   R³-R⁶ are as defined in any one of claims 13-20;         -   R⁷ is hydrogen         -   R⁸-R¹¹ are as defined in claim 36-47         -   R¹³ is hydrogen;     -   or a salt thereof.     -   50. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23 or any of         embodiments 30-33, wherein the compound has the formula IA and         R⁸ is hydroxy; or a salt thereof.     -   51. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23 or any of         embodiments 30-33, wherein the compound has the formula IA and         R⁸ is methoxy; or a salt thereof.     -   52. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23 or any of         embodiments 30-33, wherein the compound has the formula IA and         R⁸ is methyl; or a salt thereof.     -   53. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23 or any of         embodiments 30-33, wherein the compound has the formula IA and         R⁸ is cyano; or a salt thereof.     -   54. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23 or any of         embodiments 30-33, wherein the compound has the formula IA and         R⁸ is Cl; or a salt thereof.     -   55. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23 or any of         embodiments 30-33, wherein the compound has the formula IA and         R⁸ is F; or a salt thereof.     -   56. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23 or any of         embodiments 30-33, wherein the compound has the formula IA and         R⁹ is cyano; or a salt thereof.     -   57. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23 or any of         embodiments 30-33, wherein the compound has the formula IA and         R⁹ is F; or a salt thereof.     -   58. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23 or any of         embodiments 30-33, wherein the compound has the formula IA and         R⁹ is Cl; or a salt thereof.     -   59. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23 or any of         embodiments 30-33, wherein the compound has the formula IA and         R⁹ is Br; or a salt thereof.     -   60. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23 or any of         embodiments 30-33, wherein the compound has the formula IA and         R⁹ is I; or a salt thereof.     -   61. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23 or any of         embodiments 30-33, wherein the compound has the formula IA and         R⁹ is methoxy; or a salt thereof.     -   62. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23 or any of         embodiments 30-33, wherein the compound has the formula IA and         R⁹ is methyl; or a salt thereof.     -   63. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23 or any of         embodiments 30-33, wherein the compound has the formula IA and         R⁹ is hydroxy; or a salt thereof.     -   64. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23 or any of         embodiments 30-33, wherein the compound has the formula IA and         R¹⁰ is F; or a salt thereof.     -   65. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23 or any of         embodiments 30-33, wherein the compound has the formula IA and         R¹⁰ is Cl; or a salt thereof.     -   66. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23 or any of         embodiments 30-33, wherein the compound has the formula IA and         R¹⁰ is Br; or a salt thereof.     -   67. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23 or any of         embodiments 30-33, wherein the compound has the formula IA and         R¹⁰ is methyl; or a salt thereof.     -   68. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23 or any of         embodiments 30-33, wherein the compound has the formula IA and         R¹⁰ is cyano; or a salt thereof.     -   69. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23 or any of         embodiments 30-33, wherein the compound has the formula IA and         R¹⁰ is CF₃; or a salt thereof.     -   70. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23 or any of         embodiments 30-33, wherein the compound has the formula IA and         R¹⁰ is methoxy; or a salt thereof.     -   71. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23 or any of         embodiments 30-33, wherein the compound has the formula IA and         R¹¹ is methyl; or a salt thereof.     -   72. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23 or any of         embodiments 30-33, wherein the compound has the formula IA and         R¹¹ is ethyl; or a salt thereof.     -   73. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23 or any of         embodiments 30-33, wherein the compound has the formula IA and         R¹¹ is methoxy; or a salt thereof.     -   74. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23 or any of         embodiments 30-33, wherein the compound has the formula IA and         R¹¹ is Cl; or a salt thereof.     -   75. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23 or any of         embodiments 30-33, wherein the compound has the formula IA and         R¹¹ is F; or a salt thereof.     -   76. The compound of any of embodiments 50-75, wherein the rest         of R⁸ to R¹¹ are hydrogen; or a salt thereof.     -   77. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23 or any of         embodiments 30-33, wherein the compound has the formula IA and         R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are selected independently from the group consisting         of hydrogen, methyl, fluoro and chloride; or a salt thereof.     -   78. The compound of embodiment 77, wherein at least one of R¹⁰         and R¹¹ is hydrogen; or a salt thereof.     -   79. The compound of claim 1 selected from the group consisting         of:

-   [2-(1H-Indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine;

-   [2-(5-cyano-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine

-   [2-(4-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine

-   [2-(4-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine

-   [2-(5-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine

-   [2-(5-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine

-   Dimethyl-[2-(7-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]amine

-   [2-(7-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine

-   [2-(5-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine

-   [2-(6-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine

-   [2-(6-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine

-   Dimethyl-[2-(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]amine

-   Dimethyl-[2-(6-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]amine

-   [2-(4-cyano-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine

-   Dimethyl-[2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]amine

-   Dimethyl-[2-(4-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]amine

-   Dimethyl-[2-(4-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]amine

-   [2-(6-cyano-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine

-   [2-(7-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine

-   [2-(6-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine

-   [2-(4-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine

-   [2-(1H-Indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine

-   [2-(6-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine

-   [2-(5-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine

-   Methyl-[2-(4-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]amine

-   [2-(4-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine

-   Methyl-[2-(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]amine

-   [2-(5-Fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine

-   Methyl-[2-(5-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]amine

-   Methyl-[2-(7-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]amine

-   [2-(4-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine

-   [2-(7-Ethyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine

-   [2-(6-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine

-   [2-(5-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine

-   [2-(6-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine

-   [2-(5-Methoxy-4-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine

-   [2-(5,6-Dimethoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine

-   [2-(6-Bromo-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine

-   Methyl-[2-(6-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]amine

-   [2-(4,7-Dimethoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine

-   [2-(5-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine

-   [2-(4-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine

-   [2-(5-Bromo-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine

-   [2-(7-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine

-   [5-Chloro-2-(1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine

-   Methyl-[2-(6-trifluoromethyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]amine;

-   [5-Hydroxy-2-(1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine;

-   [2-(4-Bromo-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine;

-   [2-(7-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine;

-   [2-(5-Iodo-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine;

-   [2-(6-Cyano-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine;

-   [2-(1H-Indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]methyl amine;

-   [2-(3-methyl-1H-indol-2-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine;

-   [2-(5,6-Dimethoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-fluoro-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [5-Fluoro-2-(3-methyl-1H-indol-2-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [5-Fluoro-2-(4-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [2-(4-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-fluoro-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [2-(7-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-fluoro-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [5-Fluoro-2-(6-trifluoromethyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [5-Fluoro-2-(7-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [2-(4-Bromo-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-fluoro-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   3-(4-Fluoro-2-methylaminomethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-2-methyl-1H-indol-4-ol;

-   3-(4-Fluoro-2-methylaminomethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-1H-indol-6-ol;

-   [5-Fluoro-2-(5-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [5-Fluoro-2-(4-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [2-(6-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-fluoro-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [2-(5-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-fluoro-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [5-Fluoro-2-(6-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [5-Fluoro-2-(5-methoxy-4-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [2-(5-Bromo-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-fluoro-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [5-Fluoro-2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [2-(6-Bromo-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-fluoro-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [5-Fluoro-2-(6-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [5-Fluoro-2-(6-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [5-Fluoro-2-(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [5-Fluoro-2-(5-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [5-Fluoro-2-(4-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [5-Fluoro-2-(7-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [5-Fluoro-2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [5-Fluoro-2-(5-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [5-Chloro-2-(5-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [5-Chloro-2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [5-Chloro-2-(7-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [5-Chloro-2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [5-Chloro-2-(4-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [5-Chloro-2-(7-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [5-Chloro-2-(6-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [5-Chloro-2-(5-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [2-(5-Fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   Methyl-[5-methyl-2-(4-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-amine;

-   [2-(7-Ethyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [2-(6-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   Methyl-[5-methyl-2-(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-amine;

-   [2-(4-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [2-(6-Bromo-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [2-(6-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [2-(4-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   3-(4-Methyl-2-methylaminomethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-1H-indol-6-ol;

-   [5-Chloro-2-(5-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [2-(6-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [2-(5-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   5-Fluoro-3-(2-piperidin-1-ylmethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-1H-indole;

-   5-Fluoro-3-(2-morpholin-4-ylmethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-1H-indole;

-   5-Fluoro-3-(2-pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-1H-indole;

-   [4-Chloro-2-(6-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [4-Chloro-2-(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [4-Chloro-2-(5-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [4-Chloro-2-(7-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [4-Chloro-2-(4-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [4-Chloro-2-(5-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [4-Chloro-2-(6-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [4-Chloro-2-(4-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [4-Chloro-2-(7-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [4-Chloro-2-(7-ethyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [4-Chloro-2-(5-methoxy-4-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [4-Chloro-2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [4-Chloro-2-(6-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [4-Chloro-2-(7-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [4-Chloro-2-(4-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [4-Chloro-2-(5-chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [4-Chloro-2-(6-chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [4-Chloro-2-(4-chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [4-Chloro-2-(7-chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [4-Chloro-2-(1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [4-Chloro-2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [4-Chloro-2-(3-methyl-1H-indol-2-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [4-Chloro-2-(5-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   2-(5-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzylamine;

-   [2-(5-Fluoro-4-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [2-(4,5-Difluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [2-(4,6-Difluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   3-(2-Methylaminomethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-1H-indol-4-ol;

-   2-(6-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzylamine;

-   [2-(5,6-Difluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   6-Fluoro-3-(2-methylaminomethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-1H-indol-5-ol;     [2-(4-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [2-(1H-Indol-5-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [2-(1H-Indol-4-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;

-   [2-(1H-Indol-6-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; and

-   [2-(1H-Indol-7-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine;     -   or a salt thereof.     -   80. The compound of any of embodiments 1-23, wherein the         compound has the formula IB and R¹² is hydrogen or methyl; or a         salt thereof.     -   81. A compound of any one of embodiments 1-80 or a         pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in a         medicament.     -   82. The use of a compound of any one of embodiments 1-80 or a         pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for the preparation of         a medicament for the treatment of affective disorders.     -   83. The use of a compound of any one of embodiments 1-80 or a         pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for the preparation of         a medicament for the treatment of depression, anxiety disorders         including general anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder,         post traumatic stress disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder,         panic disorder, panic attacks, specific phobias, social phobia         or agoraphobia.     -   84. The use of a compound of any one of embodiments 1-80 or a         pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for the preparation of         a medicament for the treatment of depression.     -   85. A method for the treatment of an affective disorder         comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a         compound of any one of embodiments 1-80 or a pharmaceutically         acceptable salt thereof.     -   86. A method for the treatment of depression, anxiety disorders         including general anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder,         post traumatic stress disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder,         panic disorder, panic attacks, specific phobias, social phobia         or agoraphobia comprising administering a therapeutically         effective amount of a compound of any one of embodiments 1-80 or         a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.     -   87. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of any         one of embodiments 1-80 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt         thereof.

The present invention comprises the free bases of the compounds of the invention. The present invention furthermore comprises salts of the compounds of the invention, typically, pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Such salts include pharmaceutical acceptable acid addition salts, pharmaceutically acceptable metal salts, ammonium and alkylated ammonium salts. Acid addition salts include salts of inorganic acids as well as organic acids.

Examples of suitable inorganic acids include hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, phosphoric, sulfuric, sulfamic, nitric acids and the like.

Examples of suitable organic acids include formic, acetic, trichloroacetic, trifluoroacetic, propionic, benzoic, cinnamic, citric, fumaric, glycolic, itaconic, lactic, methanesulfonic, maleic, malic, malonic, mandelic, oxalic, picric, pyruvic, salicylic, succinic, methane sulfonic, ethanesulfonic, tartaric, ascorbic, pamoic, bismethylene salicylic, ethanedisulfonic, gluconic, citraconic, aspartic, stearic, palmitic, EDTA, glycolic, p-aminobenzoic, glutamic, benzenesulfonic, p-toluenesulfonic acids, theophylline acetic acids, as well as the 8-halotheophyllines, for example 8-bromotheophylline and the like.

Also intended as pharmaceutical acceptable acid addition salts are the hydrates, which the present compounds, are able to form.

Further, the compounds of this invention may exist in unsolvated as well as in solvated forms with pharmaceutically acceptable solvents such as water, ethanol and the like. In general, the solvated forms are considered equivalent to the unsolvated forms for the purposes of this invention.

The compounds of the present invention may have one or more asymmetric centres and it is intended that any optical isomers (i.e. enantiomers or diastereomers), as separated, pure or partially purified optical isomers and any mixtures thereof including racemic mixtures, i.e. a mixture of stereoisomers, are included within the scope of the invention

Racemic forms can be resolved into the optical antipodes by known methods, for example, by separation of diastereomeric salts thereof with an optically active acid, and liberating the optically active amine compound by treatment with a base. Another method for resolving racemates into the optical antipodes is based upon chromatography on an optically active matrix. Racemic compounds of the present invention can also be resolved into their optical antipodes, e.g. by fractional crystallization. The compounds of the present invention may also be resolved by the formation of diastereomeric derivatives. Additional methods for the resolution of optical isomers, known to those skilled in the art, may be used. Such methods include those discussed by J. Jaques, A. Collet and S. Wilen in “Enantiomers, Racemates, and Resolutions”, John Wiley and Sons, New York (1981). Optically active compounds can also be prepared from optically active starting materials.

Furthermore, when a double bond or a fully or partially saturated ring system is present in the molecule geometric isomers may be formed. It is intended that any geometric isomers, as separated, pure or partially purified geometric isomers or mixtures thereof are included within the scope of the invention. Likewise, molecules having a bond with restricted rotation may form geometric isomers. These are also intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Furthermore, some of the compounds of the present invention may exist in different tautomeric forms and it is intended that any tautomeric forms that the compounds are able to form are included within the scope of the present invention.

The invention also encompasses prodrugs of the present compounds, which on administration undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming pharmacologically active substances. In general, such prodrugs will be functional derivatives of the compounds of the general formula I, IA, IB, IC, IE or IF which are readily convertible in vivo into the required compound of the formula I, IA, IB, IC, IE or IF. Conventional procedures for the selection and preparation of suitable prodrug derivatives are described, for example, in “Design of Prodrugs”, ed. H. Bundgaard, Elsevier, 1985.

The invention also encompasses active metabolites of the present compounds.

As described above the compounds of the invention, 2-(1H-indolylsulfanyl)-benzyl amine derivatives, are serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

Accordingly, one embodiment of invention relates to compounds of Formula I, IA, IB, IC, IE or IF (e.g. formula IA) as the free base or a salt thereof, wherein R¹-R¹³ are as described herein, which compounds are serotonin reuptake inhibitors, i.e., e.g., having a binding affinity (IC50) of 5 μM or less, typically of 1 μM or less, preferably less than 500 nM or less than 100 nM or less than 50 nM, preferably as measured by the method described in Example 9—Transporter binding assay.

One embodiment of invention relates to compounds of formula I, IA, IB, IC, IE or IF (e.g. formula IA) as the free base or salts thereof, wherein R¹-R¹³ are as described herein, which compounds are norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, i.e., e.g., having a binding affinity (IC50) of 5 μM or less, typically of 1 μM or less, preferably less than 500 nM, less than 100 nM or less than 50 nM, preferably as measured by the method described in Example 9—Transporter binding assay.

A further embodiment of invention relates to compounds of formula I, IA, IB, IC, IE or IF (e.g. formula (IA)) as the free base or salts thereof, wherein R¹-R¹³ are as described herein, which compounds are dopamine reuptake inhibitors, i.e., e.g., having a binding affinity (IC50) of 5 μM or less, typically of 1 μM or less, preferably less than 500 nM, less than 100 nM or less than 50 nM, preferably as measured by the method described in Example 9—Transporter binding assay.

In particular, the invention provides compounds possessing the combined effect of serotonin reuptake inhibition and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition. Accordingly, a preferred embodiment relates to compounds of the invention (i.e. the compounds of formula I, IA, IB, IC, IE or IF (e.g. of formula IA) for which R¹-R¹³ are as described herein) being dual serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, i.e. compounds of the invention which are both norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors and serotonin reuptake inhibitors, each of which are as defined above.

In one embodiment, it is preferred for the compounds of the invention possessing the combined effect of serotonin reuptake inhibition and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition as described above, that such compounds are not also dopamine reuptake inhibitors. Thus, this embodiment relates to compounds of the invention having a binding affinity for the serotonin transporter which is at least 5, preferably at least 10 or even more preferred at least 20 or 30 times higher than the binding affinity for the dopamine transporter, preferably as measured by the methods described in Example 9—Transporter binding assay.

In a further aspect the invention provides compounds possessing the combined effect of serotonin reuptake inhibition, norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibition.

Accordingly, a preferred embodiment relates to compounds of the invention (i.e. the compounds of formula I, IA, IB, IC, IE or IF (e.g. formula IA) for which R¹-R¹³ are as described herein) being triple serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors, i.e. compounds of the invention which are at the same time norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and dopamine reuptake inhibitors, each of which are as defined above.

Pharmaceutical Use

In a further aspect the invention provides a compound of formula I, IA, IB, IC, ID, IE or IF for use as a medicament.

As mentioned above the compounds of the invention are inhibitors of the serotonin transporter. In particular is provided compounds of the invention which are dual inhibitors of the serotonin and noradrenaline transporters. The compounds of the invention may thus be useful for treatment in a disorder or disease wherein the serotonin and/or noradrenaline are implicated.

Accordingly, in a further aspect the invention relates to a compound of the invention as the free base or a salt thereof for use as a medicament, i.e. in particular a compound represented by the general formula I, IA, IB, IC, IE or IF, e.g. formula IA, wherein

-   -   R¹-R² are independently selected from hydrogen,         C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl, and         C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl; or R¹ and R² together         with the nitrogen form a 4-7 membered ring containing zero or         one double bond, optionally said ring in addition to said         nitrogen comprises one further heteroatom selected from         nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur; which ring structure is         substituted or unsubstituted as described herein;     -   R³-R¹² are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano,         nitro, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl,         C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, amino,         C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylamino, di-(C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl)amino,         C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylcarbonyl, aminocarbonyl,         C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylaminocarbonyl,         di-(C₁₋₆-alk(en)yl)aminocarbonyl, hydroxy, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yloxy,         C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylthio, halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl,         halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylsulfonyl, halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylsulfanyl,         and C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylsulfonyl; and     -   R¹³ is selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl,         C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl, and C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl;     -   as the free base or a salt thereof;

with the provisos that:

-   -   when the sulphur atom is attached via atom nr. 2 of the indole         then R⁷ does not exist;     -   when the sulphur atom is attached via atom nr. 3 of the indole         then R¹² does not exist;     -   when the sulphur atom is attached via atom nr. 4 of the indole         then R⁸ does not exist;     -   when the sulphur atom is attached via atom nr. 5 of the indole         then R⁹ does not exist;     -   when the sulphur atom is attached via atom nr. 6 of the indole         then R¹⁰ does not exist; and     -   when the sulphur atom is attached via atom nr. 7 of the indole         then R¹¹ does not exist.

By the expression a compound of the invention is meant any one of the embodiments of formula I, IA, IB, IC, IE or IF, in particular formula IA described herein.

The present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the invention as the free base or a salt thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.

In an embodiment of the pharmaceutical composition, the compound of the invention is present in an amount of from about 0.001 to about 100 mg/kg body weight per day.

The present invention also relates to use of a compound of the invention as the free base or a salt thereof for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of a disease or disorder, wherein a serotonin reuptake inhibitor is beneficial. The medicament may comprise any one of the embodiments of formula I, IA, IB, IC, IE or IF described herein.

The present invention also relates to use of a compound of the invention as the free base or a salt thereof for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of a disease or disorder, wherein the combined effect of serotonin reuptake inhibition and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition is beneficial. The medicament may comprise any one of the embodiments of formula I, IA, IB, IC, IE or IF described herein.

The present invention also relates to use of a compound of the invention as the free base or a salt thereof for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of a disease or disorder, the combined effect of serotonin reuptake inhibition and norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibition is beneficial. The medicament may comprise any one of the embodiments of formula I, IA, IB, IC, IE or IF described herein.

A further embodiment of the invention relates to the use of a compound of formula I, IA, IB, IC, ID, IE or IF for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of affective disorders, pain disorders, ADHD and stress urinary incontinence.

In particular the invention also relates to use of a compound of the invention as the free base or a salt thereof for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of affective disorders. To further illustrate without limiting the invention, the affective disorder to be treated is selected from the group consisting of depressive disorders and anxiety disorders.

A further embodiment concerns the use of a compound of formula I, IA, IB, IC, ID, IE or IF for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of depressive disorders. Typically, the depressive disorder to be treated is selected from the group consisting of major depressive disorder, postnatal depression, dysthymia and depression associated with bipolar disorder, alzheimers, psychosis or parkinsons. To further illustrate without limiting the invention, an embodiment of the invention concerns the treatment of major depressive disorder; another embodiment concerns the treatment of postnatal depression; another embodiment concerns the treatment of dysthymia; another embodiment concerns the treatment of depression associated with bipolar disorder, alzheimers, psychosis or parkinsons. To further illustrate without limiting the invention, an embodiment of the invention concerns the treatment of depression associated with bipolar disorder; another embodiment concerns the treatment of depression associated with alzheimers; another embodiment concerns the treatment of depression associated with psychosis; another embodiment concerns the treatment of depression associated with parkinsons.

In a further embodiment the invention also relates to use of a compound of the invention as the free base or a salt thereof for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of depression.

In a further embodiment the invention also relates to use of a compound of the invention as the free base or a salt thereof for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of anxiety disorders. Typically, the anxiety disorders to be treated are selected from the group consisting of general anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, panic attacks, specific phobias, social phobia and agoraphobia. In a further embodiment the invention also relates to use of a compound of the invention as the free base or a salt thereof for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of general anxiety disorder. In a further embodiment the invention also relates to use of a compound of the invention as the free base or a salt thereof for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of social anxiety disorder. In a further embodiment the invention also relates to use of a compound of the invention as the free base or a salt thereof for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder. In a further embodiment the present invention also relates to use of a compound of the invention as the free base or a salt thereof the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. In a further embodiment the invention also relates to use of a compound of the invention as the free base or a salt thereof for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of panic disorder. In a further embodiment present invention also relates to use of a compound of the invention as the free base or a salt thereof for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of panic attacks. In a further embodiment the invention also relates to use of a compound of the invention as the free base or a salt thereof for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of specific phobias. In a further embodiment the invention also relates to use of a compound of the invention as the free base or a salt thereof for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of social phobia. In a further embodiment the invention also relates to use of a compound of the invention as the free base or a salt thereof for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of agoraphobia.

A further aspect of the invention relates to a method for the treatment of a disease or disorder selected from the group consisting of an affective disorder, such as depression, anxiety disorders including general anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, panic attacks, specific phobias, social phobia and agoraphobia in a living animal body, including a human, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention as the free base or a salt thereof, i.e. in particular a compound represented by the general formula I, IA, IB, IC, IE or IF, e.g. formula IA.

In a further embodiment the present invention relates to the use of a compound of formula I, IA, IB, IC, ID or IE as the free base or a salt thereof for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of pain disorders. To further illustrate without limiting the invention, the pain disorder to be treated is selected from the group consisting of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), overall pain, back pain, shoulder pain, headache as well as pain while awake and during daily activities. To further illustrate without limiting the invention, an embodiment of the invention concerns the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome; another embodiment concerns the treatment of overall pain; another embodiment concerns the treatment of back pain; another embodiment concerns the treatment of shoulder pain; another embodiment concerns the treatment of headache; another embodiment concerns the treatment of pain while awake and during daily activities.

In a further embodiment the present invention relates to the use of a compound of formula I, IA, IB, IC, ID or IE as the free base or a salt thereof for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

In a further embodiment the present invention relates to the use of a compound of formula I, IA, IB, IC, ID or IE as the free base or a salt thereof for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence.

Pharmaceutical Composition

The compounds of the invention as the free base or the salt thereof may be administered alone or in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients, in either single or multiple doses. The pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention may be formulated with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents as well as any other known adjuvants and excipients in accordance with conventional techniques such as those disclosed in Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 19 Edition, Gennaro, Ed., Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa., 1995.

The pharmaceutical compositions may be specifically formulated for administration by any suitable route such as the oral, rectal, nasal, pulmonary, topical (including buccal and sublingual), transdermal, intracisternal, intraperitoneal, vaginal and parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intrathecal, intravenous and intradermal) route, the oral route being preferred. It will be appreciated that the preferred route will depend on the general condition and age of the subject to be treated, the nature of the condition to be treated and the active ingredient chosen.

Pharmaceutical compositions for oral administration include solid dosage forms such as capsules, tablets, dragees, pills, lozenges, powders and granules. Where appropriate, they can be prepared with coatings such as enteric coatings or they can be formulated so as to provide controlled release of the active ingredient such as sustained or prolonged release according to methods well known in the art.

Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include solutions, emulsions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs.

Pharmaceutical compositions for parenteral administration include sterile aqueous and nonaqueous injectable solutions, dispersions, suspensions or emulsions as well as sterile powders to be reconstituted in sterile injectable solutions or dispersions prior to use. Depot injectable formulations are also contemplated as being within the scope of the present invention.

Other suitable administration forms include suppositories, sprays, ointments, cremes, gels, inhalants, dermal patches, implants, etc.

In an embodiment of the pharmaceutical composition, the compound of the invention administered in an amount of from about 0.001 to about 100 mg/kg body weight per day.

Conveniently, the compounds of the invention are administered in a unit dosage form containing said compounds in an amount of about 0.01 to 100 mg. The total daily dose is usually in the range of about 0.05-500 mg.

A typical oral dosage is in the range of from about 0.001 to about 100 mg/kg body weight per day, preferably from about 0.01 to about 50 mg/kg body weight per day, administered in one or more dosages such as 1 to 3 dosages. The exact dosage will depend upon the frequency and mode of administration, the sex, age, weight and general condition of the subject treated, the nature and severity of the condition treated and any concomitant diseases to be treated and other factors evident to those skilled in the art.

The formulations may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form by methods known to those skilled in the art. A typical unit dosage form for oral administration one or more times per day such as 1 to 3 times per day may contain from 0.01 to about 1000 mg, preferably from about 0.05 to about 500 mg, and more preferred from about 0.5 mg to about 200 mg.

For parenteral routes such as intravenous, intrathecal, intramuscular and similar administration, typically doses are in the order of about half the dose employed for oral administration.

The compounds of this invention are generally utilized as the free substance or as a salt such as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. One example is an acid addition salt of a compound having the utility of a free base. When a compound of the invention contains a free base such salts are prepared in a conventional manner by treating a solution or suspension of a free base of the invention with a chemical equivalent of an acid such as a pharmaceutically acceptable acid. Representative examples are mentioned above.

For parenteral administration, solutions of the compound of the invention in sterile aqueous solution, aqueous propylene glycol, aqueous vitamin E or sesame or peanut oil may be employed. Such aqueous solutions should be suitably buffered if necessary and the liquid diluent first rendered isotonic with sufficient saline or glucose. The aqueous solutions are particularly suitable for intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous and intraperitoneal administration. The sterile aqueous media employed are all readily available by standard techniques known to those skilled in the art.

Suitable pharmaceutical carriers include inert solid diluents or fillers, sterile aqueous solution and various organic solvents. Examples of solid carriers are lactose, terra alba, sucrose, cyclodextrin, talc, gelatine, agar, pectin, acacia, magnesium stearate, stearic acid and lower alkyl ethers of cellulose. Examples of liquid carriers are syrup, peanut oil, olive oil, phospho lipids, fatty acids, fatty acid amines, polyoxyethylene and water. Similarly, the carrier or diluent may include any sustained release material known in the art, such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate, alone or mixed with a wax. The pharmaceutical compositions formed by combining the compound of the invention and the pharmaceutical acceptable carriers are then readily administered in a variety of dosage forms suitable for the disclosed routes of administration. The formulations may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form by methods known in the art of pharmacy.

Formulations of the present invention suitable for oral administration may be presented as discrete units such as capsules or tablets, each containing a predetermined. amount of the active ingredient, and which may include a suitable excipient. Furthermore, the orally available formulations may be in the form of a powder or granules, a solution or suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid, or an oil-in-water or water-in-oil liquid emulsion.

If a solid carrier is used for oral administration, the preparation may be tablette, e.g. placed in a hard gelatine capsule in powder or pellet form or e.g. in the form of a troche or lozenge. The amount of solid carrier may vary but will usually be from about 25 mg to about 1 g.

If a liquid carrier is used, the preparation may be in the form of a syrup, emulsion, soft gelatine capsule or sterile injectable liquid such as an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid suspension or solution.

The pharmaceutical formulations of the invention may be prepared by conventional methods in the art.

For example: Tablets may be prepared by mixing the active ingredient with ordinary adjuvants and/or diluents and subsequently compressing the mixture in a conventional tabletting machine. Examples of adjuvants or diluents comprise: Corn starch, potato starch, talcum, magnesium stearate, gelatine, lactose, gums, and the like. Any other adjuvants or additives usually used for such purposes such as colourings, flavourings, preservatives etc. may be used provided that they are compatible with the active ingredients.

Solutions for injections may be prepared by dissolving the active ingredient and possible additives in a part of the solvent for injection, preferably sterile water, adjusting the solution to the desired volume, sterilising the solution and filling it in suitable ampoules or vials. Any suitable additive conventionally used in the art may be added, such as tonicity agents, preservatives, antioxidants, etc.

In a further aspect the present invention relates to a method of preparing a compound of the invention as described in the following.

Methods of Preparation of the Compounds of the Invention

The compounds of the invention may be prepared as follows:

Method 1 (for compounds of formula IA) Alkylating an amine of formula III with an alkylating derivative of formula II:

where R¹-R¹³ are as defined herein, and L is a leaving group such as e.g. halogen, mesylate or tosylate; whereupon the compound of formula IA is isolated as the free base or a salt such as a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof.

Method 2 (for compounds of formula IA) Reduction of an amide derivative of formula IV:

where R¹-R¹³ are as defined herein; whereupon the compound of formula IA is isolated as the free base or a salt such as a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof.

Method 3 (for compounds of formula IA, also for compounds of formula IB when R¹²≠hydrogen) Reacting an indole of formula V with a reagent of formula VI by the use of a catalyst:

where R¹-R¹³ are as defined herein; whereupon the compound of formula IA or the compound of formula IB when R¹²≠hydrogen is isolated as the free base or a salt such as a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof.

Method 4 (for compounds of formula IC) Reduction of an amide derivative of formula VII:

where R¹-R¹³ are as defined herein; whereupon the compound of formula IC is isolated as the free base or a salt such as a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof.

Method 5 (for compounds of formula ID) Reduction of an amide derivative of formula VIII:

where R¹-R¹³ are as defined herein; whereupon the compound of formula ID is isolated as the free base or a salt such as a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof.

Method 6 (for compounds of formula IE) Reduction of an amide derivative of formula IX:

where R¹-R¹³ are as defined herein; whereupon the compound of formula IE is isolated as the free base or a salt such as a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof.

Method 7 (for compounds of formula IF) Reduction of an amide derivative of formula X:

where R¹-R¹³ are as defined herein; whereupon the compound of formula IF is isolated as the free base or a salt such as a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof.

Method 8 (for compounds of formula IB with R¹²=hydrogen) Reduction of an amide derivative of formula XI:

where R¹-R¹³ are as defined herein; whereupon the compound of formula IB is isolated as the free base or a salt such as a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof.

Method 9 (for compounds of formula IC with R²=hydrogen) Deprotection of a compound of formula XII:

where R¹, R³-R¹³ are as defined herein and R′ is a protection group such as a carbamate (such as methyl-, ethyl-, tert-butyl-, allyl-, or benzyl-carbamate); whereupon the compound of formula IC is isolated as the free base or a salt such as a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof.

Method 10 (for compounds of formula ID with R²=hydrogen) Deprotection of a compound of formula XIII:

where R¹, R³-R¹³ are as defined herein and R′ is a protection group such as a carbamate (such as methyl-, ethyl-, tert-butyl-, allyl-, or benzyl-carbamate); whereupon the compound of formula ID is isolated as the free base or a salt such as a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof.

Method 11 (for compounds of formula IE with R²=hydrogen) Deprotection of a compound of formula XIV:

where R¹, R³-R¹³ are as defined herein and R′ is a protection group such as a carbamate (such as methyl-, ethyl-, tert-butyl-, allyl-, or benzyl-carbamate); whereupon the compound of formula IE is isolated as the free base or a salt such as a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof.

Method 12 (for compounds of formula IF with R²=hydrogen) Deprotection of a compound of formula XV:

where R¹, R³-R¹³ are as defined herein and R′ is a protection group such as a carbamate (such as methyl-, ethyl-, tert-butyl-, allyl-, or benzyl-carbamate); whereupon the compound of formula IF is isolated as the free base or a salt such as a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof.

The alkylation according to method 1 is conveniently performed in an organic solvent such as a suitably boiling alcohol or ketone, preferably in the presence of an organic or inorganic base (potassium carbonate, diisopropylethylamine or triethylamine) at reflux temperature. Alternatively, the allylation can be performed at a fixed temperature, which is different from the boiling point, in one of the above-mentioned solvents or in dimethyl formamide (DMF), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), or N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one (NMP), preferably in the presence of a base. The alkylating derivatives of formula II can be derived from the corresponding benzylic alcohols which in turn are synthesised from the corresponding benzoic acids by standard reduction methods e.g. by the use of lithium aluminium hydride. The corresponding benzoic acids can be synthesised by methods analogous to those described in e.g. Hamel, P.; Girard, M.; Tsou, N. N.; J. Heterocycl. Chem.; 36, 1999, 643-652. The amines of formula III are commercially available.

The reduction according to method 2 is performed by standard literature methods i.e. by the use of a reducing agent like borane, alane or lithium aluminium hydride. Amides of the formula V can be prepared by coupling of the corresponding benzoic acids (synthesised by methods analogous to those described in e.g. Hamel, P.; Girard, M.; Tsou, N. N.; J. Heterocycl. Chem.; 36, 1999, 643-652 and Hamel, P.; Zajac, N.; Atkinson, J. G.; Girard, Y.; J. Org. Chem.; 59; 21; 1994; 6372-6377) with an amine of formula III by standard methods e.g. via the carboxylic acid chloride or activated esters or by the use of carboxylic acids in combination with a coupling reagent such as e.g. dicyclohexyl carbodiimide.

The reaction in method 3 can be performed by reacting a N-alkyl-2,3-dihydro-benzo[d]isothiazole of formula VI with an indole of formula V in the presence of an activating agent like e.g. an lewis acid or e.g. an oxidising agent like e.g. N-chlorosuccinimide. N-Alkyl-2,3-dihydro-benzo[d]isothiazoles of formula VI can be prepared by methods analogous to those described in the literature e.g. Hoffmann, R. W.; Goldmann, S.; Chem. Ber. 111, 1978, 2716-2725 and Kanakarajan, K.; Meier, H.; Angew. Chem. 96, 1984, 220. Indoles of formula V are either commercially available or can be prepared by standard methods as described in standard works like e.g. Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie (Methods of Organic Chemistry), Georg-Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart and Organic Reactions, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York.

The reduction according to method 4 is performed by standard literature methods i.e. by the use of a reducing agent like borane, alane or lithium aluminium hydride. Amides of the formula VII can be prepared by coupling of the corresponding 2-mercapto-benzamides (synthesised by reduction of the corresponding 2,2′-dithiobenzamides analogous to those described in e.g. Elworthy, T. R.; Ford, A. P. D. W.; Bantle, G. W.; Morgans, D. J.; Ozer, R. S.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 40, 1997, 2674-2687) with a 4-halo- or 4-pseudohalo indole by methods analogous to those described in the literature e.g. Schopfer, U.; Schlapbach, A. Tetrahedron; 57, 2001, 3069-3073, where “halo” is either bromo or iodo or “pseudohalo” is e.g. triflate or nonaflate. When R¹³=hydrogen in formula VII, then this position is protected prior to the coupling reaction and deprotected after the coupling reaction according to standard literature procedures with standard protection groups, e.g. a 4-methyl-phenyl-sulfonyl group or a tert-butoxy-carbonyl group.

The reduction according to method 5 is performed by standard literature methods i.e. by the use of a reducing agent like borane, alane or lithium aluminium hydride. Amides of the formula VIII can be prepared by coupling of the corresponding 2-mercapto-benzamides (synthesised by reduction of the corresponding 2,2′-dithiobenzamides analogous to those described in e.g. Elworthy, T. R.; Ford, A. P. D. W.; Bantle, G. W.; Morgans, D. J.; Ozer, R. S.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 40, 1997, 2674-2687) with a 5-halo- or 5-pseudohalo indole by methods analogous to those described in the literature e.g. Schopfer, U.; Schlapbach, A. Tetrahedron; 57, 2001, 3069-3073, where “halo” is either bromo or iodo or “pseudohalo” is e.g. triflate or nonaflate. When R¹³=hydrogen in formula VIII, then this position is protected prior to the coupling reaction and deprotected after the coupling reaction according to standard literature procedures with standard protection groups, e.g. a 4-methyl-phenyl-sulfonyl group or a tert-butoxy-carbonyl group.

The reduction according to method 6 is performed by standard literature methods i.e. by the use of a reducing agent like borane, alane or lithium aluminium hydride. Amides of the formula IX can be prepared by coupling of the corresponding 2-mercapto-benzamides (synthesised by reduction of the corresponding 2,2′-dithiobenzamides analogous to those described in e.g. Elworthy, Todd R.; Ford, Anthony P. D. W.; Bantle, Gary W.; Morgans, David J.; Ozer, Rachel S.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 40, 1997, 2674-2687) with a 6-halo- or 6-pseudohalo indole by methods analogous to those described in the literature e.g. Schopfer, U.; Schlapbach, A. Tetrahedron; 57, 2001, 3069-3073, where “halo” is either bromo or iodo or “pseudohalo” is e.g. triflate or nonaflate. When R¹³=hydrogen in formula IX, then this position is protected prior to the coupling reaction and deprotected after the coupling reaction according to standard literature procedures with standard protection groups, e.g. a 4-methyl-phenyl-sulfonyl group or a tert-butoxy-carbonyl group.

The reduction according to method 7 is performed by standard literature methods i.e. by the use of a reducing agent like borane, alane or lithium aluminium hydride. Amides of the formula X can be prepared by coupling of the corresponding 2-mercapto-benzamides (synthesised by reduction of the corresponding 2,2′-dithiobenzamides analogous to those described in e.g. Elworthy, T. R.; Ford, A. P. D. W.; Bantle, G. W.; Morgans, D. J.; Ozer, R. S.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 40, 1997, 2674-2687) with a 7-halo- or 7-pseudohalo indole by methods analogous to those described in the literature e.g. Schopfer, U.; Schlapbach, A. Tetrahedron; 57, 2001, 3069-3073, where “halo” is either bromo or iodo or “pseudohalo” is e.g. triflate or nonaflate. When R¹³=hydrogen in formula X, then this position is protected prior to the coupling reaction and deprotected after the coupling reaction according to standard literature procedures with standard protection groups, e.g. a 4-methyl-phenyl-sulfonyl group or a tert-butoxy-carbonyl group.

The reduction according to method 8 is performed by standard literature methods i.e. by the use of a reducing agent like borane, alane or lithium aluminium hydride. Amides of the formula X can be prepared by acidic rearrangement (e.g. treatment in a solution of trifluoroacetic acid) of amides of formula IV analogous to methods described in the literature (Hamel, P.; Girard, M.; Tsou, N. N.; J. Heterocyclic Chem. 36, 1999, 643-652; Hamel, P.; Girard, Y.; Atkinson, J. G.; J. Org. Chem. 57, 1992; 2694-2699).

The deprotection according to method 9 can be performed by standard techniques, known to the persons skilled in the art and detailed in the textbook Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis Greene, T. W.; Wuts, P. G. M. Wiley Interscience, (1991) ISBN 0471623016. The protected amine can be prepared in a similar manner as described in the literature by reaction of properly substituted (2-mercapto-benzyl)-methyl-carbamic acid ester with properly substituted 4-halo indole or 4-pseudohalo indole, where “halo” is either bromo or iodo and “pseudohalo” is e.g. triflate or nonaflate, according to Schopfer, H.; Schlapbach, U.; Tetrahedron 2001, 57, 3069-3073. When R¹³=hydrogen in formula XII, then this position is protected prior to the coupling reaction and deprotected after the coupling reaction according to standard literature procedures with standard protection groups, e.g. a 4-methyl-phenyl-sulfonyl group or a tert-butoxy-carbonyl group. The properly substituted (2-mercapto-benzyl)-methyl-carbamic acid ester can be prepared from the properly substituted (2-bromo-benzyl)-methyl-carbamic acid ester or properly substituted (2-iodo-benzyl)-methyl-carbamic acid ester in a palladium catalysed coupling reaction with a trialkylsilane thiol with subsequent desilylation with a fluoride donor such as tetrabutylammonium fluoride (Winn, M.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2001, 44, 4393-4403).

The deprotection according to method 10 can be performed as described in method 9. The protected amine can be prepared from the properly substituted (2-mercapto-benzyl)-methyl-carbamic acid ester and the properly substituted 5-halo indole or 5-pseudohalo indole, where “halo” is either bromo or iodo and “pseudohalo” is e.g. triflate or nonaflate, as described in method 9. When R¹³=hydrogen in formula XIII, then this position is protected prior to the coupling reaction and deprotected after the coupling reaction according to standard literature procedures with standard protection groups, e.g. a 4-methyl-phenyl-sulfonyl group or a tert-butoxy-carbonyl group.

The deprotection according to method 11 can be performed as described in method 9. The protected amine can be prepared from the properly substituted (2-mercapto-benzyl)-methyl-carbamic acid ester and the properly substituted 6-halo indole or 6-pseudohalo indole, where “halo” is either bromo or iodo and “pseudohalo” is e.g. triflate or nonaflate, as described in method 9. When R¹³=hydrogen in formula XIV, then this position is protected prior to the coupling reaction and deprotected after the coupling reaction according to standard literature procedures with standard protection groups, e.g. a 4-methyl-phenyl-sulfonyl group or a tert-butoxy-carbonyl group.

The deprotection according to method 12 can be performed as described in method 9. The protected amine can be prepared from the properly substituted (2-mercapto-benzyl)-methyl-carbamic acid ester and the properly substituted 7-halo indole or 7-pseudohalo indole, where “halo” is either bromo or iodo and “pseudohalo” is e.g. triflate or nonaflate, as described in method 9. When R¹³=hydrogen in formula XV, then this position is protected prior to the coupling reaction and deprotected after the coupling reaction according to standard literature procedures with standard protection groups, e.g. a 4-methyl-phenyl-sulfonyl group or a tert-butoxy-carbonyl group.

The invention disclosed herein is further illustrated by the following non-limiting examples.

EXAMPLES General Methods

Analytical LC-MS data were obtained on a PE Sciex API 150EX instrument equipped with photoionization (APPI) ion source and Shimadzu LC-8A/SLC-10A LC system. The LC conditions (Symmetry C18 column 4.6×30 mm with a particle size of 3.5 μm) were linear gradient elution with eluents A (water containing 0.05% TFA) and B (acetonitrile containing 5% water and 0.035% TFA). Gradient (time[min]/% B): (0.00/10.0); (4.00/100.0); (4.10/10.0); (5.00/10.0) with 2 mL/min. Purity was determined by integration of the UV trace (254 nm) and ELS (SEDERE SEDEX 55 with Heto CBN 8-30 cooling bath). The retention times, R_(t), are expressed in minutes.

Mass spectra were obtained by an alternating scan method to give molecular weight information. The molecular ion, MH+, was obtained at low orifice voltage (5V) and fragmentation at high orifice voltage (100V).

Preparative LC-MS-separation was performed on the same instrument. The LC conditions (Symmetry C18 column 10×50 mm) were linear gradient elution with eluents A (water containing 0.05% TFA) and B (acetonitrile containing 5% water and 0.035% TFA): (time[min]/% B): (0.00/20.0); (7.00/100.0); (7.10/20.0); (8.00/20.0) with 5.7 mL/min Fraction collection was performed by split-flow MS detection.

For column chromatography silica gel of formula Kieselgel 60, 230-400 mesh ASTM was used. For ion-exchange chromatography (SCX, 1 g, Varian Mega Bond Elut®, Chrompack cat. No. 220776) was used. Prior to use the SCX-columns were pre-conditioned with 10% solution of acetic acid in methanol (3 mL).

Preparation of Intermediates Example 1 2-(1H-Indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-N,N-dimethyl benzamide

N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethyl-2,2′-dithiodibenzamide (Elworthy, Todd R.; Ford, Anthony P. D. W.; Bantle, Gary W.; Morgans, David J.; Ozer, Rachel S.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 40, 1997, 2674-2687) (12.80 g, 35.5 mmol) was dissolved in 1,2-dichloroethane (200 mL) under Ar, and sulfurylchloride (2.9 mL, 4.84 g, 35.9 mmol) was carefully added with stirring under Ar. The reaction mixture was stirred for 15 min at room temperature and the resulting solution was added slowly (dropwise) to an icecold solution (0° C.) of indole (8.4 g, 71.7 mmol) in dry DMF (180 mL) under Ar. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. under Ar for 2.5 hours and then quenched by addition of water (180 mL) and sat. aqueous NaHCO₃ (150 mL). To the resulting emulsion was added ethyl acetate (250 mL). The organic phases were combined and washed with brine (100 mL). The water phase was further extracted with ethyl acetate (2×100 mL) and the combined organic phases were washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄ and evaporated in vacuo to a dark orange oil which crystallized upon standing. The product was purified and isolated by recrystallisation (acetonitrile) to give 5.53 g (26%) crystalline product (m.p. 195.6-197.6° C.). From the motherliq. was further 4.45 g (21%) product isolated (m.p. 194.3-196.4° C.).

The following compounds were prepared in a similar way:

-   2-(4-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-N,N-dimethyl benzamide -   2-(4-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-N,N-dimethyl benzamide -   2-(4-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-N,N-dimethyl benzamide -   2-(5-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-N,N-dimethyl benzamide -   2-(5-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-N,N-dimethyl benzamide -   N,N-Dimethyl-2-(7-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzamide -   2-(5-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-N,N-dimethyl benzamide -   2-(6-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-N,N-dimethyl benzamide -   2-(6-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-N,N-dimethyl benzamide -   N,N-Dimethyl-2-(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzamide -   2-(6-Hydroxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-N,N-dimethyl benzamide -   2-(7-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-N,N-dimethyl benzamide -   N,N-Dimethyl-2-(4-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzamide -   N,N-Dimethyl-2-(7-nitro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzamide -   2-(4-Hydroxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-N,N-dimethyl benzamide -   2-(4-Cyano-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-N,N-dimethyl benzamide -   2-(6-Cyano-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-N,N-dimethyl benzamide -   2-(7-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-N,N-dimethyl benzamide -   2-(6-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-N,N-dimethyl benzamide -   N,N-Dimethyl-2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzamide -   2-(4-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-N,N-dimethyl benzamide -   N,N-Dimethyl-2-(6-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzamide

Example 2 2-(1H-Indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-N-methyl benzamide

Carbonyldiimidazole (11 mmol) was added to a solution of 2-(1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzoic acid (Hamel, P.; Girard, M.; Tsou, N. N.; J. Heterocycl. Chem. 36, 1999, 643-652) (10 mmol) in dry THF (200 mL) and refluxed for 60 minutes under argon. Methyl amine (1M in THF; 40 ml) was added slowly to the reaction mixture and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The mixture was evaporated in vacuo and the product purified by column chromatography on silica gel using ethyl acetate as an eluent.

The following compounds were prepared in a similar way:

-   2-(5-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-N-methyl benzamide -   2-(6-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-N-methyl benzamide -   2-(2-Methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-N-methyl benzamide -   2-(4-Methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-N-methyl benzamide -   2-(4-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-N-methyl benzamide

Example 3 (2-mercapto-benzyl)-methyl-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester

(2-Iodo-benzyl)-methyl-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (5.0 g, 14.4 mmol) in dry toluene (30 mL) was placed in two Emrys Optimizer EXP 20 mL tubes. To each tube tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (66 mg, 0.072 mmol), bis(2-diphenylphosphinophenyl)ether (78 mg, 0.14 mmol), triisopropylsilanethiol (1.44 g, 7.56 mmol) and sodium tert-butoxide (900 mg, 9.36 mmol) were added sequentially. The tubes were sealed and subjected to microwave heating at 160° C. for 15 minutes. After cooling the mixture, the product was eluted through a plug of silica with ethyl acetate-heptane (1:10) to give 5.2 g (88%) of methyl-(2-triisopropylsilanylsulfanyl-benzyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester. This product was dissolved in THF (70 mL) and cooled to 0° C. Tetrabutylammonium fluoride trihydrate (4.21 g, 13.3 mmol) dissolved in THF (40 mL) was added dropwise at 0° C. and the mixture was stirred at this temperature for 15 minutes. The crude mixture was poured onto a plug of silica gel and the product was eluted with ethyl acetate-heptane (1:2) to give 3.2 g (100%) of (2-mercapto-benzyl)-methyl-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester contaminated with traces of triisopropylsilane fluoride.

Example 4 Compounds of the Invention of Formula I Synthesis of 1. [2-(1H-Indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine

2-(1H-Indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-N,N-dimethyl benzamide (1 mmol) was dissolved in dry tetrahydrofuran (30 mL). To the mixture was added 3 mL 1 M borane in tetrahydrofuran and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. Methanol (5 mL) was added and the mixture stirred at room temperature for 30 min and then evaporated in vacuo. The mixture was redissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL) and washed with saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate (20 mL), dried over anhydrous MgSO₄ and evaporated in vacuo. The product was crystallized as an oxalate salt by dissolution in acetone and addition of one equivalent of oxalic acid.

The following compounds were prepared in a similar way and analytical data are shown in table 1.:

-   2. [2-(5-cyano-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine -   3. [2-(4-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine -   4. [2-(4-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine -   5. [2-(5-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine -   6. [2-(5-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine -   7. Dimethyl-[2-(7-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]amine -   8. [2-(7-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine -   9. [2-(5-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine -   10. [2-(6-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine -   11. [2-(6-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine -   12. Dimethyl-[2-(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]amine -   13. Dimethyl-[2-(6-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]amine -   14. [2-(4-cyano-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine -   15. Dimethyl-[2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]amine -   16. Dimethyl-[2-(4-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]amine -   17. Dimethyl-[2-(4-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]amine -   18. [2-(6-cyano-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine -   19. [2-(7-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine -   20. [2-(6-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine -   21. [2-(4-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine

Example 5 Compounds of Formula I Synthesis of 22. [2-(1H-Indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine

2-Methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzoisothiazole (VI) (Hoffmann, R. W.; Goldman, S. Chem. Ber. 111, 1978, 2716-2725) (75 mg, 0.50 mmol) was dissolved in THF (1 mL) and added to indole (V) (140 mg, 0.60 mmol) under Ar. Tricloroacetic acid (90 mg, 0.55 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. 2 mL 1N NaOH (aq) was added. Extraction with ethyl acetate (2×10 mL) and purification by flash chromatography on silica gel (eluent: ethyl acetate then ethyl acetate/methanol/triethylamine) gave 88 mg [2-(1H-Indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine (67% yield).

The following compounds were prepared in a similar way and analytical data are shown in Table 1:

-   23. [2-(6-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine -   24. [2-(5-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine -   25. Methyl-[2-(4-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]amine -   26. [2-(4-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine -   27. Methyl-[2-(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]amine -   28. [2-(5-Fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine -   29. Methyl-[2-(5-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]amine -   30. Methyl-[2-(7-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]amine -   31. [2-(4-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine -   32. [2-(7-Ethyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine -   33. [2-(6-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine -   34. [2-(5-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine -   35. [2-(6-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine -   36. [2-(5-Methoxy-4-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl     amine -   37. [2-(5,6-Dimethoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine -   38. [2-(6-Bromo-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine -   39. Methyl-[2-(6-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]amine -   40. [2-(4,7-Dimethoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine -   41. [2-(5-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine -   42. [2-(4-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine -   43. [2-(5-Bromo-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine -   44. [2-(7-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine -   45. [5-Chloro-2-(1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine -   46. Methyl-[2-(6-trifluoromethyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]amine -   47. [5-Hydroxy-2-(1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine -   48. [2-(4-Bromo-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine -   49. [2-(7-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine -   50. [2-(5-Iodo-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine -   51. [2-(6-Cyano-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine -   52. [2-(1H-Indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]methyl amine -   53. [2-(3-methyl-1H-indol-2-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine -   54.     [2-(5,6-Dimethoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-fluoro-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   55.     [5-Fluoro-2-(3-methyl-1H-indol-2-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   56.     [5-Fluoro-2-(4-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   57.     [2-(4-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-fluoro-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   58.     [2-(7-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-fluoro-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   59.     [5-Fluoro-2-(6-trifluoromethyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   60.     [5-Fluoro-2-(7-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   61. [2-(4-Bromo-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-fluoro-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   62.     3-(4-Fluoro-2-methylaminomethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-2-methyl-1H-indol-4-ol -   63. 3-(4-Fluoro-2-methylaminomethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-1H-indol-6-ol -   64.     [5-Fluoro-2-(5-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   65.     [5-Fluoro-2-(4-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   66.     [2-(6-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-fluoro-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   67.     [2-(5-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-fluoro-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   68.     [5-Fluoro-2-(6-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   69.     [5-Fluoro-2-(5-methoxy-4-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   70. [2-(5-Bromo-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-fluoro-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   71.     [5-Fluoro-2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   72. [2-(6-Bromo-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-fluoro-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   73.     [5-Fluoro-2-(6-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   74.     [5-Fluoro-2-(6-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   75.     [5-Fluoro-2-(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   76.     [5-Fluoro-2-(5-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   77.     [5-Fluoro-2-(4-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   78.     [5-Fluoro-2-(7-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   79.     [5-Fluoro-2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   80.     [5-Fluoro-2-(5-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   81.     [5-Chloro-2-(5-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   82.     [5-Chloro-2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   83.     [5-Chloro-2-(7-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   84.     [5-Chloro-2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   85.     [5-Chloro-2-(4-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   86.     [5-Chloro-2-(7-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   87.     [5-Chloro-2-(6-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   88.     [5-Chloro-2-(5-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   89.     [2-(5-Fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   90.     Methyl-[5-methyl-2-(4-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-amine -   91. [2-(7-Ethyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   92.     [2-(6-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   93.     Methyl-[5-methyl-2-(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-amine -   94.     [2-(4-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   95. [2-(6-Bromo-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   96.     [2-(6-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   97.     [2-(4-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   98. 3-(4-Methyl-2-methylaminomethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-1H-indol-6-ol -   99.     [5-Chloro-2-(5-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   100.     [2-(6-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   101.     [2-(5-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   105.     [4-Chloro-2-(6-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   106.     [4-Chloro-2-(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   107.     [4-Chloro-2-(5-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   108.     [4-Chloro-2-(7-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   109.     [4-Chloro-2-(4-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   110.     [4-Chloro-2-(5-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   111.     [4-Chloro-2-(6-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   112.     [4-Chloro-2-(4-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   113.     [4-Chloro-2-(7-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   114.     [4-Chloro-2-(7-ethyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   115.     [4-Chloro-2-(5-methoxy-4-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   116.     [4-Chloro-2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   117.     [4-Chloro-2-(6-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   118.     [4-Chloro-2-(7-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   119.     [4-Chloro-2-(4-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   120.     [4-Chloro-2-(5-chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   121.     [4-Chloro-2-(6-chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   122.     [4-Chloro-2-(4-chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   123.     [4-Chloro-2-(7-chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   124. [4-Chloro-2-(1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   125.     [4-Chloro-2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   126.     [4-Chloro-2-(3-methyl-1H-indol-2-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   127.     [4-Chloro-2-(5-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   129.     [2-(5-Fluoro-4-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   130. [2-(4,5-Difluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   131. [2-(4,6-Difluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   132. 3-(2-Methylaminomethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-1H-indol-4-ol -   134. [2-(5,6-Difluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   135. 6-Fluoro-3-(2-methylaminomethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-1H-indol-5-ol -   136.     [2-(4-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methyl-amine

Example 6 Compounds of formula I Synthesis of 102. 5-Fluoro-3-(2-piperidin-1-ylmethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-1H-indole

6 mL conc. H₂SO₄ was added to 2,2′-dithiodibenzoic acid (20 g, 65.3 mmol) in 150 mL methanol. The reaction mixture was refluxed for three days, cooled to room temperature and neutralized with sat. aqueous NaHCO₃. Methanol was removed in vacuo. The residue was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried with MgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give 17.8 g dimethyl 2,2′-dithiodibenzoic acid ester (53.2 mmol, 82%). 1.20 mL Sulfurylchloride (15 mmol) was added to 5.00 g dimethyl 2,2′-dithiodibenzoic acid ester (15 mmol) in 40 mL dry 1,2-dichloroethane under Ar at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred 15 min at room temperature and added to 4.10 g fluoro-1H-indole (30.3 mmol) in 50 mL dry THF under Ar. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 hours at room temperature and then quenched by addition of sat. aqueous NaHCO₃. Ethyl acetate was added, the two phases were separated and the organic phase was washed with brine, dried with MgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo. 8.30 g 2-(5-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzoic acid methyl ester (27.5 mmol, 92%) was isolated after flash chromatography on silica gel. 4.15 g 2-(5-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzoic acid methyl ester (13.8 mmol) in 50 mL dry THF was added dropwise to 0.58 g LiAlH₄ (15.4 mmol) in 20 mL dry diethyl ether at 0° C. 150 mL dry THF was added and the reaction mixture was stirred 16 hours at room temperature. The reaction was quenched with 1 mL water and 1 mL 2N NaOH. The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hour, then 2.5 mL water was added and stirring was continued for another hour. The mixture was filtered, dried with MgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give 3.00 g 2-(5-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-phenyl]-methanol (11.0 mmol, 80%). 0.275 g p-Toluenesulfonylchloride (1.44 mmol) was added to 0.375 g 2-(5-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-phenyl]-methanol (1.37 mmol) in 5 mL dry THF at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred 2 hours at 0° C. and then added to 2.75 mmol piperidine in 10 mL dry THF and stirred 16 hours at room temperature. Water and ethyl acetate were added to the reaction mixture. The two phases were separated and the organic phase was washed with brine, dried with MgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo. 5-Fluoro-3-(2-piperidin-1-ylmethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-1H-indole was isolated after flash chromatography.

The following compounds were prepared in a similar way and analytical data are shown in Table 1:

-   103. 5-Fluoro-3-(2-morpholin-4-ylmethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-1H-indole -   104. 5-Fluoro-3-(2-pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-1H-indole

Example 7 Compounds of Formula I Synthesis of 128. 2-(5-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzylamine

4.50 g NaBH₄ (119 mmol) was added in portions to 7.50 g allyl bromide (62.0 mmol) and 8.35 g 2,2′-dithiodibenzamide (27.4 mmol, prepared from 2,2′-dithiodibenzoic acid via 2,2′-dithiodibenzoic acid chloride) in 80 mL methanol at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred 1 hour at room temperature. 50 mL 1N HCl was added and stirring was continued 1 hour. Methanol was removed in vacuo. The residue was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried with MgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give 10.0 g 2-allylsulfanyl-benzamide (51.7 mmol, 94%). 2.1 g LiAlH₄ (55 mmol) was added to 6.0 g 2-allylsulfanyl-benzamide (31 mmol) in 50 mL dry THF at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 16 hours at room temperature. The reaction was quenched with 4 mL water and 3 mL 2N NaOH. The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hour, then 9 mL water was added and stirring was continued for another hour. The mixture was filtered, dried with MgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give 5.05 g 2-allylsulfanyl-benzylamine (28.2 mmol, 91%). 2.05 g Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (9.37 mmol) was added to 1.40 g 2-allylsulfanyl-benzylamine (7.81 mmol) and a catalytic amount of N,N-dimethyl-4-amino pyridine in 20 mL THF. The reaction mixture was stirred for 15 minutes at room temperature. 10 mL 20% citric acid was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, the two phases were separated and the organic phase was washed with brine, dried with MgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give (2-allylsulfanyl-benzyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester in quantitative yield. 0.70 g NaIO₄ (3.3 mmol) in 20 mL water was added to 0.75 g (2-allylsulfanyl-benzyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (2.7 mmol) in 20 mL methanol and stirred for 2 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture was filtered and methanol was removed in vacuo. The residue was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried with MgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was redissolved in 5 mL THF and added to 0.50 g fluoro-1H-indole (3.7 mmol) and 0.65 g trichloro acetic acid (4.0 mmol) in 5 mL THF and stirred for 16 hours at 50° C. Sat. aqueous NaHCO₃ and ethyl acetate was added, the two phases were separated and the organic phase was washed with brine, dried with MgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography and 0.157 g [2-(5-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (0.42 mmol, 16%) was isolated after recrystallization from ethyl acetate/heptane. 8 mL diethyl ether saturated with HCl was added to 0.157 g [2-(5-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (0.42 mmol) in 8 mL methanol and stirred 16 hours. The reaction was neutralized with 2N NaOH and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried with MgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give 0.112 g 2-(5-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzylamine (98%).

The following compound was prepared in a similar way and analytical data are shown in Table 1:

-   133. 2-(6-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzylamine

Example 8 Compounds of Formula I Synthesis of [2-(1H-Indol-5-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine

(2-Mercapto-benzyl)-methyl-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (1.85 g, 7.30 mmol) in dry toluene (15 mL) is placed in an Emrys Optimizer EXP 20 mL tube. Tris(dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium (334 mg, 0.37 mmol), bis(2-diphenylphosphinophenyl)ether (197 mg, 0.37 mmol), tert-butyl-5-bromoindole-1-carboxylate (2.38 g, 8.03 mmol) and potassium tert-butoxide (860 mg, 7.67 mmol) are added. The reaction vessel is sealed and subjected to microwave heating at 160° C. for 15 minutes. Upon cooling the mixture is poured onto a plug of silica and the product is eluted with ethyl acetate-heptane (1:4). 0.67 g (20%) of 5-{2-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl-methyl-amino)-methyl]-phenylsulfanyl}-indole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester is isolated and used in the next step without further purification. 5-{2-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl-methyl-amino)-methyl]-phenylsulfanyl}-indole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (0.67 g, 1.43 mmol) in methanol (15 mL) and diethyl ether saturated with hydrochloric acid (15 mL) is stirred at room temperature for 1 hour and concentrated in vacuo. Ice/water is added to the remanence and 28% aqueous NaOH is added until pH 9. The aqueous fraction is extracted with ethyl acetate (3×15 mL). Combined organic fractions are dried with MgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo. The product is purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with ethyl acetate-triethyl amine (100:4) followed by ethyl acetate-ethanol-triethyl amine (100:5:5). Upon evaporation of the volatiles, 40 mg (10%) of [2-(1H-indol-5-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine is isolated.

The following compounds are prepared in a similar way:

-   [2-(1H-Indol-4-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   [2-(1H-Indol-6-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine -   [2-(1H-Indol-7-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine

TABLE 1 Measured molecular mass, measured HPLC-retention time (R_(t), min) and UV- and ELSD-purities (%). UV-purity ELSD- compound R_(t) (min.) (%) purity (%) M + H⁺ 1 1.79 97.9 100 283.2 2 1.75 80.6 96.5 307.9 3 1.83 98.0 97.1 300.8 4 1.91 95.4 98.2 317.1 5 1.83 98.8 99.3 301.1 6 2.04 99.4 99.1 317.1 7 2.00 97.9 97.4 297.2 8 1.91 96.8 98.3 313.1 9 1.79 98.9 100 313.2 10 1.91 99.5 100 301.1 11 2.08 96.1 100 316.8 12 1.87 95.2 99.1 297 13 1.82 98.7 100.0 297.2 14 1.56 95.2 100.0 308 15 1.88 98.3 100.0 297.1 16 1.81 99.2 100.0 297.1 17 1.49 75.0 91.5 299 18 1.68 90.0 95.0 308 19 1.96 90.5 95.6 316.8 20 1.77 88.7 96.0 313.1 21 1.75 87.3 96.9 313 22 1.79 98.5 97.5 269 23 1.95 100 95.4 287 24 1.94 99.2 95.8 286.8 25 1.93 97.2 97.0 283.3 26 1.90 98.2 96.3 303 27 1.87 97.4 96.8 283.1 28 2.01 97.0 99.1 301.1 29 1.85 98.0 99.9 283 30 1.89 98.1 99.8 283 31 1.72 97.9 99.7 286.9 32 2.02 97.9 100 297.1 33 1.72 99.5 99.9 299.1 34 1.92 97.7 100 303.1 35 1.97 96.5 99.9 303.1 36 1.81 98.8 99.8 313.2 37 1.51 97.7 99.6 329.1 38 2.00 97.5 99.8 346.9 39 1.87 80.6 99.0 283.1 40 1.73 84.1 97.9 329.1 41 1.68 87.5 98.5 299.1 42 1.66 87.6 99.4 299 43 1.98 93.7 98.7 348.8 44 1.78 93.7 99.3 299.1 45 2.45 84.3 85.4 303.3 46 2.05 96.8 100 337.1 47 1.30 93.4 100 285.1 48 1.83 92.4 100 348.8 49 1.92 90.6 99.9 303 50 2.00 88.6 99.6 395.1 51 1.62 86.1 98.5 293.8 52 1.82 97.0 99.7 283.3 53 2.04 95.9 99.7 283.4 54 1.56 73.92 98.05 347.0 55 2.10 74.19 96.08 299.1 56 1.76 78.09 100.00 304.9 57 1.88 80.25 99.77 320.8 58 1.97 80.83 98.86 320.9 59 2.12 84.31 99.11 355.1 60 1.83 86.68 99.15 317.1 61 1.90 87.33 99.75 367.0 62 1.64 88.10 99.61 317.0 63 1.41 88.77 99.74 303.1 64 1.83 91.91 100.00 304.8 65 1.74 92.27 100.00 317.1 66 2.00 93.20 99.91 321.1 67 1.97 93.68 100.00 320.9 68 1.92 93.80 99.97 301.0 69 1.85 94.35 100.00 329.1 70 2.00 94.52 99.86 367.0 71 1.73 95.29 99.88 317.1 72 2.04 95.56 99.80 367.0 73 1.85 95.67 100.00 305.0 74 1.76 96.68 99.95 317.1 75 1.82 97.23 100.00 301.1 76 1.91 97.71 100.00 301.1 77 1.89 97.73 99.96 301.1 78 1.93 97.79 99.95 301.1 79 1.96 98.85 99.95 301.0 80 1.88 99.01 99.86 319.0 81 1.94 86.65 99.91 320.9 82 1.85 72.56 100.00 332.8 83 2.03 94.94 99.91 317.1 84 2.05 92.54 99.90 317.1 85 1.85 86.79 99.70 332.9 86 1.95 82.70 99.69 333.0 87 1.97 85.03 99.85 320.9 88 1.99 88.12 100.00 335.0 89 1.95 99.44 100.00 315.1 90 1.97 98.16 100.00 297.2 91 2.12 95.13 99.74 311.3 92 1.83 93.40 100.00 313.1 93 1.78 92.78 98.90 297.0 94 1.79 92.77 100.00 313.1 95 2.11 90.80 100.00 363.0 96 1.94 89.78 99.94 301.1 97 1.84 87.54 100.00 301.0 98 1.49 87.12 99.49 299.1 99 1.51 86.97 100.00 318.9 100 2.07 85.51 98.57 317.1 101 2.04 81.67 94.01 317.0 102 2.00 82.20 80.30 341.1 103 1.86 90.90 82.40 342.9 104 1.95 90.40 78.70 327.1 105 2.06 92.49 99.44 317.1 106 1.96 87.25 98.90 317.0 107 2.03 90.96 99.55 316.8 108 2.04 91.97 99.87 316.8 109 2.02 83.80 98.60 317.1 110 1.96 90.04 99.61 320.9 111 1.99 97.66 99.69 321.0 112 1.89 88.36 99.15 320.9 113 1.98 90.52 99.39 320.9 114 2.18 87.86 99.70 331.0 115 1.97 87.81 99.17 347.0 116 1.88 89.22 99.38 333.0 117 1.89 95.36 99.65 332.9 118 1.96 82.34 98.84 332.7 119 1.87 90.44 99.82 333.0 120 2.08 89.98 99.57 337.2 121 2.13 87.91 99.27 337.1 122 2.00 84.01 98.48 337.2 123 2.11 80.98 99.08 337.1 124 1.91 91.92 99.81 303.1 125 2.08 84.95 98.14 316.7 126 2.25 70.89 87.20 317.1 127 2.01 83.89 98.73 335.1 128 1.74 88.20 98.40 273.0 129 1.77 93.93 99.83 317.1 130 1.78 95.85 99.64 305.0 131 1.80 97.04 99.88 305.0 132 1.42 80.84 97.76 285.1 133 1.78 97.33 99.29 273.0 134 1.84 97.99 99.48 305.0 135 1.38 92.53 98.73 303.1 136 1.86 93.25 97.20 317.0

Example 9 Transporter Binding Assay

Measurements of [³H]-5-HT Uptake into Rat Cortical Synaptosomes

Whole brains from male Wistar rats (125-225 g), excluding cerebellum, are homogenized in 0.32 M sucrose supplemented with 1 mM nialamid with a glass/teflon homogenizer. The homogenate is centrifuged at 600×g for 10 min at 4° C. The pellet is discarded and the supernatant is centrifuged at 20.000×g for 55 min. The final pellet is homogenized (20 sec) in this assay buffer (0.5 mg original tissue/well). Test compounds (or buffer) and 10 nM [³H]-5-HT are added to 96 well plates and shaken briefly. Composition of assay buffer: 123 mM NaCl, 4.82 mM KCl, 0.973 mM CaCl₂, 1.12 mM MgSO₄, 12.66 mM Na₂HPO₄, 2.97 mM NaH₂PO₄, 0.162 mM EDTA, 10 mM glucose and 1 mM ascorbic acid. Buffer is oxygenated with 95% 0₂/5% C0₂ for 10 min at 37° C. and pH is adjusted 7.4. The incubation is started by adding tissue to a final assay volume of 0.2 mL. After 15 min incubation with radioligand at 37° C., samples are filtered directly on Unifilter GF/C glass fiber filters (soaked for 1 hour in 0.1% polyethylenimine) under vacuum and immediately washed with 3×0.2 ml assay buffer. Non-specific uptake is determined using citalopram (10 μM final concentration). Citalopram is included as reference in all experiments as dose-response curve.

Measurements of [³H]noradrenaline Uptake into Rat Cortical Synaptosomes

Fresh cortex from male Wistar rats (125-225 g) are homogenized in 0.4M sucrose with a glass/teflon homogenizer. The homogenate is centrifuged at 600×g for 10 min at 4° C. The pellet is discarded and the supernatant is centrifuged at 20.000×g for 55 min. The final pellet is homogenized (20 sec) in this assay buffer (6 mg original tissue/mL=4 mg/well). Test compounds (or buffer) and 10 nM [³H]-noradrenaline are added to deep 96 well plates and shaken briefly. Composition of assay buffer: 123 mM NaCl, 4.82 mM KCl, 0.973 mM CaCl₂, 1.12 mM MgSO₄, 12.66 mM Na₂HPO₄, 2.97 mM NaH₂PO₄, 0.162 mM EDTA, 10 mM glucose and 1 mM ascorbic acid. Buffer is oxygenated with 95% 0₂/5% C0₂ for 10 min at 37° C. and pH is adjusted 7.4. The incubation is started by adding tissue to a final assay volume of 1 ml. After 15 min incubation with radioligand at 37° C., samples are filtered directly on Unifilter GF/C glass fiber filters (soaked for 1 hour in 0.1% polyethylenimine) under vacuum and immediately washed with 3×1 mL assay buffer. Non-specific uptake is determined using talsupram (10 μM final concentration). Duloxetine is included as reference in all experiments as dose-response curve.

Results of the experiments showed that the tested compounds of the invention inhibit the serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake with IC₅₀ below 200 nM.

Measurements of [³H]dopamine Uptake into Rat Synaptosomes

Tissue preparation: male wistar rats (125-250 g) are sacrificed by decapitated and striatum quickly dissected out and placed in 40 vol (w/v) ice cold 0.40 M sucrose. The tissue is gently homogenised (glass teflon homogeniser) and the P2 fraction is obtained by centrifugation (1000 g, 10 minutes and 40000 g, 20 minutes, 4° C.) and suspended in 560 volumes of a modified Krebs-Ringer-phosphate buffer, pH 7.4.

Tissue 0.25 mg/well (140 μl) (original tissue) is mixed with test suspension. After 5 minutes pre-incubation 12.5 nM 3H-dopamine is added and the mixture is incubated for 5 minutes at RT.

The incubation is terminated by filtering the samples under vacuum through Whatman GF/C filters with a wash of 1 ml buffer. The filters are dried and appropriate scintillation fluid (Optiphase Supermix) is added. After storage for 2 hours in the dark the content of radioactivity is determined by liquid scintillation counting. Uptake is obtained by subtracting the non-specific binding and passive transport measured in the presence of 100 μM of benztropine. For determination of the inhibition of uptake ten concentrations of drugs covering 6 decades are used.

³H-DA=3,4-(ring-2,5,6-³H)dopamine hydrochloride from New England Nuclear, specific activity 30-50 Ci/mmol.

-   Hyttel, Biochem. Pharmacol. 1978, 27, 1063-1068; -   Hyttel, Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. & bil. Psychiat. 1982, 6,     277-295; -   Hyttel & Larsen, Acta Pharmacol. Tox. 1985, 56, suppl. 1, 146-153. 

1-20. (canceled)
 21. A method of treating a disease or disorder comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I:

wherein the sulphur atom is attached to the indole via any ring carbon of the indole and wherein R¹-R² are independently selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl, and C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl or R¹ and R² together with the nitrogen form a 4-7 membered ring containing zero or one double bond, optionally said ring in addition to said nitrogen comprises one further heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur; R³-R⁷ and R⁹-R¹² are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl, C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, amino, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylamino, di-(C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl)amino, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylcarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylaminocarbonyl, di-(C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl)aminocarbonyl, hydroxy, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yloxy, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylthio, halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylsulfonyl, halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylsulfanyl and C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylsulfonyl; R⁸ is selected from hydrogen, cyano, nitro, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl, C₃₋₈-cycloalk(en)yl-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, amino, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylamino, di-(C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl)amino, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylcarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylaminocarbonyl, di-(C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl)aminocarbonyl, hydroxy, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yloxy, C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylthio, halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl, halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylsulfonyl, halo-C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylsulfanyl and C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)ylsulfonyl; and R¹³ is selected from hydrogen or C₁₋₆-alk(en/yn)yl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; with the provisos that: when the sulphur atom is attached via atom nr. 2 of the indole then R⁷ does not exist; when the sulphur atom is attached via atom nr. 3 of the indole then R¹² does not exist; when the sulphur atom is attached via atom nr. 4 of the indole then R⁸ does not exist; when the sulphur atom is attached via atom nr. 5 of the indole then R⁹ does not exist; when the sulphur atom is attached via atom nr. 6 of the indole then R¹⁰ does not exist; and when the sulphur atom is attached via atom nr. 7 of the indole then R¹¹ does not exist.
 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the disease or disorder is an affective disorder.
 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the affective disorder is a depressive disorder.
 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the depressive disorder is selected from the group consisting of major depressive disorder, postnatal depression, dysthymia, depression associated with bipolar disorder, depression associated with Alzheimer's, depression associated with psychosis and depression associated with Parkinson's.
 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the disease or disorder is an anxiety disorder.
 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the anxiety disorder is selected from the group consisting of general anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, panic attacks, specific phobias, social phobia and agoraphobia.
 27. The method of claim 21, wherein the disorder or disease is a pain disorder.
 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the pain disorder is selected from the group consisting of fibromyalgia syndrome, overall pain, back pain, shoulder pain and headache.
 29. The method of claim 27, wherein the pain disorder occurs while awake and during daily activities.
 30. The method of claim 21, wherein the disorder or disease is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
 31. The method of claim 21, wherein the disorder or disease is stress urinary incontinence.
 32. A method of treating a disease or disorder comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of: [2-(1H-1-Indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine; [2-(5-cyano-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine; [2-(5-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine; [2-(5-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine; Dimethyl-[2-(7-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]amine; [2-(7-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine; [2-(5-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine; [2-(6-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine; [2-(6-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine; Dimethyl-[2-(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]amine; Dimethyl-[2-(6-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]amine; [2-(4-cyano-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine; Dimethyl-[2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]amine; Dimethyl-[2-(4-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]amine; Dimethyl-[2-(4-hydroxy-1H-indol-3′-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]amine; [2-(6-cyano-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine; [2-(7-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine; [2-(6-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine; [2-(4-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]dimethyl amine; [2-(1H-Indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine; [2-(6-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine; [2-(5-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine; Methyl-[2-(4-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]amine; Methyl-[2-(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]amine; [2-(5-Fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine; Methyl-[2-(5-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]amine; Methyl-[2-(7-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]amine; [2-(7-Ethyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine; [2-(6-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine; [2-(5-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine; [2-(6-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine; [2-(5-Methoxy-4-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine; [2-(5,6-Dimethoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine; [2-(6-Bromo-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine; Methyl-[2-(6-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]amine; [2-(4,7-Dimethoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine; [2-(5-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine; [2-(4-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine; [2-(5-Bromo-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine; [2-(7-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)benzyl]methyl amine; [5-Chloro-2-(1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine; Methyl-[2-(6-trifluoromethyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]amine; [5-Hydroxy-2-(1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine; [2-(7-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine; [2-(5-Iodo-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine; [2-(6-Cyano-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine; [2-(1H-Indol-3-yl sulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]methyl amine; [2-(3-methyl-1H-indol-2-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]methyl amine; [2-(5,6-Dimethoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-fluoro-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [5-Fluoro-2-(3-methyl-1H-indol-2-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [2-(7-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-fluoro-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [5-Fluoro-2-(6-trifluoromethyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [5-Fluoro-2-(7-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; 3-(4-Fluoro-2-methylaminomethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-2-methyl-1H-indol-4-ol; 3-(4-Fluoro-2-methylaminomethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-1H-indol-6-ol; [5-Fluoro-2-(5-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [5-Fluoro-2-(4-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [2-(6-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-fluoro-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [2-(5-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-fluoro-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [5-Fluoro-2-(6-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [5-Fluoro-2-(5-methoxy-4-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [2-(5-Bromo-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-fluoro-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [5-Fluoro-2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [2-(6-Bromo-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-fluoro-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [5-Fluoro-2-(6-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [5-Fluoro-2-(6-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [5-Fluoro-2-(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [5-Fluoro-2-(5-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [5-Fluoro-2-(4-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [5-Fluoro-2-(7-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [5-Fluoro-2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [5-Fluoro-2-(5-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [5-Chloro-2-(5-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [5-Chloro-2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [5-Chloro-2-(7-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [5-Chloro-2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [5-Chloro-2-(4-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [5-Chloro-2-(7-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [5-Chloro-2-(6-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [5-Chloro-2-(5-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [2-(5-Fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methyl-amine; Methyl-[5-methyl-2-(4-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-amine; [2-(7-Ethyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [2-(6-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methyl-amine; Methyl-[5-methyl-2-(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-amine; [2-(4-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [2-(6-Bromo-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [2-(6-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methyl-amine; 3-(4-Methyl-2-methylaminomethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-1H-indol-6-ol; [5-Chloro-2-(5-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [2-(6-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [2-(5-Chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-5-methyl-benzyl]-methyl-amine; 5-Fluoro-3-(2-piperidin-1-ylmethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-1H-indole; 5-Fluoro-3-(2-morpholin-4-ylmethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-1H-indole; 5-Fluoro-3-(2-pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-1H-indole; [4-Chloro-2-(6-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [4-Chloro-2-(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [4-Chloro-2-(5-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [4-Chloro-2-(7-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [4-Chloro-2-(4-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [4-Chloro-2-(5-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [4-Chloro-2-(6-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [4-Chloro-2-(7-fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [4-Chloro-2-(7-ethyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [4-Chloro-2-(5-methoxy-4-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [4-Chloro-2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [4-Chloro-2-(6-methoxy-1H-indol-3′-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [4-Chloro-2-(7-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [4-Chloro-2-(4-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [4-Chloro-2-(5-chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [4-Chloro-2-(6-chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [4-Chloro-2-(7-chloro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [4-Chloro-2-(1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [4-Chloro-2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [4-Chloro-2-(3-methyl-1H-indol-2-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [4-Chloro-2-(5-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; 2-(5-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzylamine; [2-(5-Fluoro-4-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; 3-(2-Methylaminomethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-1H-indol-4-ol; 2-(6-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzylamine; [2-(5,6-Difluoro-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; 6-Fluoro-3-(2-methylaminomethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-1H-indol-5-ol; [2-(1H-Indol-5-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [2-(1H-Indol-4-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; [2-(1H-Indol-6-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; and [2-(1H-Indol-7-ylsulfanyl)-benzyl]-methyl-amine; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the disease or disorder is an affective disorder.
 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the affective disorder is a depressive disorder.
 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the depressive disorder is selected from the group consisting of major depressive disorder, postnatal depression, dysthymia, depression associated with bipolar disorder, depression associated with Alzheimer's, depression associated with psychosis and depression associated with Parkinson's.
 36. The method of claim 32, wherein the disease or disorder is an anxiety disorder.
 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the anxiety disorder is selected from the group consisting of general anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, panic attacks, specific phobias, social phobia and agoraphobia.
 38. The method of claim 32, wherein the disorder or disease is a pain disorder.
 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the pain disorder is selected from the group consisting of fibromyalgia syndrome, overall pain, back pain, shoulder pain and headache.
 40. The method of claim 38, wherein the pain disorder occurs while awake and during daily activities.
 41. The method of claim 32, wherein the disorder or disease is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
 42. The method of claim 32, wherein the disorder or disease is stress urinary incontinence. 